Artificial cultivation techniques of broad beans

How to cultivate broad beans artificially? Let me tell you today:

Overview of Broad Bean Cultivation

It is native to the southern part of the Caspian Sea to northern Africa. It was introduced to China from Europe in the first century AD and is now widely cultivated in southern China.

The seeds are edible; the stems and leaves are rich in nitrogen and are good winter green manure; it is widely planted in Jiangsu except for Xuzhou and Huaiyin; the flowers, fruit pods, seed shells, seeds and leaves can be used as medicine, with the functions of hemostasis, diuresis, detoxification and swelling. It is a nectar plant.

Broad beans are grown all over China and are an important crop that can be used as food, vegetables and fertilizer. They are mainly used for intercropping in rice and wheat fields and intercropping between rows of row crops. The young pods are picked as vegetables or seeds are collected for consumption, and the stems are turned over as green manure. The main fine varieties include Sichuan green bean, Nanxiang white bean, Xingning, Putian, etc. Broad beans are suitable for warmer and slightly humid climates. They require more water, but cannot be waterlogged. They have poor cold resistance and are not resistant to high temperatures and drought. The most suitable growth temperature is about 20℃, and it is suitable for cultivation in a variety of soils. It is best to use clay loam with high organic matter content in the tillage layer and good drainage or relatively fertile sandy loam; it can grow well on soils with a pH value between 6 and 8, so it can be widely adapted to the growth of red soil paddy soil, purple soil and coastal saline-alkali rice fields in various parts of China.

Sowing can be done by row sowing or spot sowing. Generally, the row spacing is about 33 cm and the plant spacing is 12 to 18 cm. In areas with heavy rainfall, it is best to use deep furrows and high ridges. When planting winter broad beans in southern rice fields, sowing should be done as soon as possible after rice harvest. The sowing time along the Yangtze River is between Cold Dew and Frost Descent, and around Light Snow in the double-season rice areas of South China. In the north, sowing is usually done as soon as possible after the spring thaw. The sowing amount is 8 to 10 kg per mu. Phosphorus fertilizer and organic fertilizer should also be applied before sowing.

Cultivation points

1. Choose the right crop rotation and plot:

Broad beans should not be planted continuously. Continuous planting will make the plants sterile. The number of rhizobia is small, the activity is low, the pods are few, and they are prone to disease. When planting broad beans, crop rotation should be implemented for at least 3 years. Broad beans are adapted to slightly heavy and moist soil, but it is better to plant them in deep, fertile clay loam or sandy loam.

2. Sowing at the right time:

Broad beans are cold-resistant and can be sown from late February to mid-March. Before sowing, deep plow the soil and apply appropriate basal fertilizer to make a flat bed 1 meter wide. Plant two rows in each bed, dig holes in the bed, the hole depth is 6-9 cm, the hole distance is about 20 cm, sow 2-3 seeds in each hole, and level the bed surface.

3. Topdressing and watering:

Adequate water supply should be provided 1-2 days after sowing to promote early germination and early uniform seedlings. When the seedlings grow to 3-4 true leaves, an appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be applied, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied in stages during the growth period. Spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate or trace elements such as boron, molybdenum, magnesium, and copper during the flowering and pod-setting period can reduce flower and pod drop, promote seed development, and increase yield. In the early stage of broad bean growth, inter-cultivation is the main method to increase soil water retention and permeability. The soil should be kept moist from the beginning of budding and flowering. Lack of water during the flowering and pod-setting period can easily cause flower and pod drop, and the beans will not be full.

4. Cultivation and pruning:

After the broad bean seedlings emerge, the seedlings should be checked and the gaps should be filled in time. During the seedling stage, multiple intertillage and weeding should be carried out, and the soil should be raised to the roots of the plants to prevent lodging. Broad beans have a strong branching ability, and the branches and pods in the later stage are few and easy to cause field closure. In production, the excess side branches should be broken off and the growth points should be removed in time to reduce nutrient consumption, increase the pod setting rate, and promote full beans and uniform maturity.

5. Harvest at the right time:

The young pods of broad beans can be harvested in batches, from bottom to top, once every 7-8 days. The mature seeds can be harvested when the leaves fall and the middle and lower pods are fully mature, and then dried, threshed and stored.