Are there any people growing open-air tomatoes in Xinyang, Henan?

Are there any open-air tomatoes in Xinyang, Henan? I believe many friends want to know, let me tell you below.

Open air tomatoes

1. Introduction

Organic substrate cultivation refers to the use of organic matter such as crop straw, mushroom residue, peat, sawdust, livestock and poultry manure, etc., after fermentation or high temperature treatment, mixed in a certain proportion to form a relatively stable and buffering full-nutrition cultivation substrate raw material. In order to improve the physical and chemical properties of the cultivation substrate, inorganic substances such as river sand, coal slag, vermiculite, perlite, etc. can be mixed with it in a certain proportion to form an organic-inorganic cultivation substrate.

Since the 1990s, my country's facility agriculture has developed rapidly, and now has exceeded 2.6 million hectares, becoming a pillar industry in my country's rural areas. The rapid development of modern facility cultivation has made the accumulation of harmful organisms in facility soil, imbalance of nutrient elements, continuous cropping obstacles and secondary salinization of soil increasingly prominent. The use of soilless cultivation technology is the most effective, economical and thorough way to overcome the obstacles of continuous cropping in greenhouses, so it has been vigorously developed in advanced agricultural countries abroad. By 1994, more than 40% of the 4000hm2 greenhouse crops in the Netherlands used substrate cultivation technology, and about 7% of greenhouse vegetables in Israel used soilless cultivation, which is relatively backward compared with the scale of soilless cultivation in my country. An important factor restricting the development of soilless cultivation in my country is its high investment cost, among which the cost of substrate is also very high. In order to solve this problem, at the end of the Eighth Five-Year Plan, the soilless cultivation group of the Vegetable and Flower Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences successfully developed an organic ecological soilless cultivation technology that mainly uses high-temperature disinfected chicken manure and adds an appropriate amount of inorganic fertilizers to replace the use of chemical fertilizers to prepare nutrient solution. Organic cultivation uses agricultural waste as the main raw material of the substrate and is an emerging and efficient soilless cultivation method. The utilization of organic waste has become a major development direction for substrate selection. There are many research reports on the selection of sawdust, cottonseed hulls, edible fungus substrate waste, rice husk ash, straw and xylose residue as soilless seedling substrates. The utilization of organic waste has greatly reduced the cost of cultivation and reduced pollution to the environment.

2. Current situation

my country has been promoting the technology of organic ecological soilless cultivation since the early 1990s. In 2000, organic ecological soilless cultivation technology has been tested in more than ten provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions across the country, with a promotion area of ​​more than 121 hm2, exceeding 60% of the total area of ​​soilless cultivation in the country. Feedback from various places fully proves its simplicity, practicality and high efficiency. In 2000, the area of ​​organic cultivation in my country reached 121 hm2 (Table 1). At present, organic cultivation in my country is mainly distributed in Beijing, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, Liaoning, Xinjiang, Gansu, Guangdong, Hainan and other places.

3. Features

3.1 From the perspective of crop growth

Organic cultivation can create a good rhizosphere and spatial environment for the growth of vegetable crops, and can effectively solve urgent problems such as soil salinization, soil-borne diseases and vegetable physiological diseases, making vegetable crops grow strong, disease-resistant and stress-resistant.

3.2 From a management perspective

The nutrient solution of traditional soilless cultivation needs to maintain a certain concentration of various nutrient elements and a balance between various elements, especially the effectiveness of trace elements. Organic ecological soilless cultivation uses substrate cultivation and application or topdressing of solid organic fertilizers, which not only has a full range of nutrient elements, but also has an excess supply of trace elements. Therefore, the management mainly focuses on the total supply and balance of the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

3.3 From the perspective of cost

Organic ecological soilless cultivation mainly uses sterilized organic fertilizers, and does not use nutrient solution. It eliminates the equipment, test system, timer, circulation pump and other facilities required for preparing nutrient solution, thereby simplifying the equipment and reducing the overall investment of the facility system. Compared with the use of nutrient solution, the fertilizer cost of organic cultivation is reduced by 60%-80%. This greatly saves the production cost of soilless cultivation. At the same time, organic cultivation uses clear water drip irrigation for open cultivation, which greatly simplifies the management process and saves production costs.

Organic cultivation uses agricultural waste to replace the more expensive substrates such as peat, vermiculite and perlite in traditional soilless cultivation, greatly reducing the cost of the substrate. It is reported that the organic substrate can be used continuously for 3 to 5 years; it significantly reduces the cost of soilless cultivation. The one-time investment of the organic ecological soilless cultivation system is 45.5% lower than that of the simplest nutrient solution substrate tank cultivation, the fertilizer cost is reduced by 53.3%, and the substrate cost is reduced by 60%; the highest yield of tomatoes per mu produced using this technology reaches 22,187 kg.