Diseases and pests of black fungus and their control methods

In fact, we often encounter various diseases and insects when growing fungus, so today I will list them one by one for you, and hope that everyone will learn how to prevent and control them.

1 Green mold

Symptoms: In the early stage, white, slender hyphae grow on the culture medium, basswood inoculation holes or fruiting bodies, and conidia will form after a few days. Once the conidia are formed or mature in large quantities, the colonies become green, powdery, and have no fixed shape. Including green Trichoderma, Conidia, and Trichoderma. Green Trichoderma is widely present on various organic substances and soils in nature, and conidia of green Trichoderma are also floating in the air. When cultivating black fungus in bags, there are various opportunities to bring spores into the culture medium such as sawdust, bran, and corn cobs, and form colonies on fruiting bodies with weak growth potential. The roots of the ears after picking are easily infected by green mold. The fungus is suitable for growth under high temperature, high humidity and acidic culture medium conditions, and is mainly spread through the air by conidia. Prevention and control measures: ① Keep the surrounding environment clean and sanitary; ② The ear room and ear field are well ventilated and drained; ③ Spray 1% lime water once every 3 days after the ear comes out; ④ Use fresh culture medium and strictly control sterilization; ⑤ Prevent the cotton plug from getting damp and the fungus bag from being damaged, and perform aseptic operation for inoculation; ⑥ If green mold is found at the opening of the bag-grown black fungus, it can be applied with lime cream or formaldehyde solution; ⑦ If green mold occurs on the surface of the culture medium and has not yet penetrated into the material, it can be scrubbed with lime water with a pH of 10, or injected with mushroom farmer music, formaldehyde, etc., and then sealed with transparent tape to control the growth of green mold. The prevention and control methods for Penicillium, Mucor, and Neurospora are the same as above.

2 Rotten ears

Also known as flowing ears. The rotten ears of black fungus are a physiological disorder phenomenon of cell filling and rupture. Symptoms: After the ear pieces mature, the ear pieces become soft, and the ear pieces and even the ear roots dissolve and rot. If the ear pieces are not harvested in time when they are mature, they often cause large-scale rotten ears when they encounter high temperature, high humidity, poor light, and poor ventilation. Damage by bacteria and pests is also a cause of rotten ears. When cultivating black fungus in bags, if the culture medium is too wet, the pH is too high or too low, it will cause rotten ears due to affecting the normal growth of black fungus. Prevention and control measures: ① Strengthen cultivation management, pay attention to ventilation, light, etc.; ② Harvest in time, harvest immediately when the ear pieces are close to maturity or have matured; ③ Scrape off the rotten ears with a wooden knife and wash with 1% to 3% quicklime water; ④ When rotten ears occur in a large area, 0.5% Mushroom Disease Spirit liquid can be sprayed for prevention and control; ⑤ Reasonably arrange the ear-out period to avoid high temperature and high humidity seasons.

3. Brown round leather fungus

Common name: Golden-edged moth. Symptoms: In the early stage, the fruiting body of the fungus is leathery and lies flat on the surface of the wood. In the later stage, the edges are curled up and often connected to each other in a shingle-like shape. The base is protruding and the edges are intact. The surface of the cap is covered with pubescence, which is brown inside and light gray-brown on the edges. There are several circles of concentric grooves, and the pubescence in the outer circle is longer. After maturity, it gradually becomes smooth and fades to a light color. This fungus is a common harmful fungus on basswood of black fungus. In severe cases, it can cause the auricularia to fail to harvest. The disease is related to the rainy weather when the hyphae grows and the basswood contains more water. The formation of the fruiting body is significantly related to direct sunlight on basswood. Prevention and control measures: Reduce air humidity and basswood moisture content, and prevent direct sunlight on basswood.

4 Cowhide Hoop

Symptoms: There are two common types of black and white on the ear wood. The black one is brown and the white one is the color of bamboo shoots. The characteristic of the occurrence of cowhide hoops is that they are tightly attached to the ear wood, like a plaster, and the edges are not raised, which can be distinguished from the golden moth fungus. Cowhide hoops are a more serious fungus that harms the fungus. They are prone to occur in damp and rainy weather. In severe cases, they are all over the ear wood, causing the fungus wood to decay in powder form. The affected ear wood does not grow ear buds. It is a devastating disease in the cultivation of black fungus on basswood. Prevention and control measures: Avoid direct sunlight on the ear wood, pay attention to ventilation and air exchange on the ear pile, strengthen management, frequently turn the poles, sprinkle water frequently, and weed frequently, remove branches and shrubs that are too shaded, and pay special attention to clearing ditches and draining water after rain to prevent water accumulation in the ear field. Use a knife to scrape off the bacteria and the corroded wood nearby in time. The scraped wound can be brushed with 3% to 5% Lysol solution to inhibit the spread of miscellaneous bacteria. Those with serious infection should be removed promptly and sent outside the ear field for incineration or burial.

5 Black Light Pseudocarpus

Commonly known as black shell worm or fish worm, it is one of the main pests of black fungus cultivated on basswood. Adults are black, shiny, and oblong; eggs are milky white, oblong, and smooth; mature larvae have hard body walls and are brown; pupae are naked and light yellow. Prevention and control methods: In winter and spring, thoroughly remove the stumps in the ear field and nearby bricks, stones, tiles, dead branches and leaves, or rotten grass, etc., and centrally treat or burn them. From March to April, during the activity of overwintering adults, spray the ground with 200 times dichlorvos. The ear rods inoculated that year should be arranged on the sunny slope, with small sleepers at both ends of the ear rods to facilitate sunlight and air circulation, and inhibit the occurrence of black light pseudo-carabines. When picking ears and turning the rods, if there are insects, they should be caught and killed in time.