Black Fungus Cultivation Technology

Black fungus cultivation still requires a certain level of technology, otherwise it will not be high-yielding. So today I will give you a detailed introduction to the black fungus cultivation technology:

1. Black Fungus Cultivation Season and Material Preparation

1. Cultivation time: The choice of cultivation time is the key to the success or failure of cultivating black fungus, and is closely related to the yield and quality. Bag making should be selected from early October to November. It can be appropriately earlier in mountainous areas. This period is ideal. At this time, the room temperature is between 28-15℃, the air humidity is about 65%, and the temperature is gradually decreasing. The activity of miscellaneous bacteria is at a low ebb, which is conducive to the colonization of black fungus mycelium to absorb nutrients, and is also conducive to the early spring growth of fungus.

2. Raw material ratio: Black fungus is a wood-rotting fungus. The nutrients in sawdust as culture medium can meet the growth and development needs of black fungus. Tree species suitable for growing mushrooms and fungus are suitable for growing bag-grown black fungus. Pine, fir, cypress, etc. contain oils, alcohols, ethers and other substances, and species of Lauraceae and stable spices also contain aromatic substances. The sawdust of these species must be processed before growing black fungus, otherwise it is not suitable for use.

It is better to crush sawdust into particles at one time with an 8mm sieve. Cottonseed hulls and rice husk powder are also ideal cultivation materials. Bran, rice bran and other auxiliary materials form the culture medium. The raw materials must be fresh and free of mold. The formula is as follows:

(1) 80% sawdust, 18% bran, 1% gypsum powder, 1% sucrose, and appropriate amount of water.

(2) 68% sawdust, 15% rice husk powder, 16% bran, 0.5% lime, 0.5% sugar, and appropriate amount of water.

(3) 65% wood chips, 24% cottonseed hulls, 15.5% bran, 0.5% lime, and appropriate amount of water.

2. Black Fungus Production Process

The moisture content of bagged black fungus is slightly drier than that of bagged shiitake mushrooms, and 50%-55% is appropriate. Because black fungus mycelium is slender and the fungus grows slowly, the culture medium is slightly dry, the gap is large, and the oxygen content is sufficient, which can significantly accelerate the mycelium of fungus, which is beneficial to the later stage (field management). Bagging and sterilization are similar to bagged shiitake mushrooms (15×15 tube materials). Inoculation should be carried out under sterile conditions in an inoculation box. Four holes are connected to each bag. The inoculation amount is appropriately increased, and the whole piece of bacteria is used to connect, so that the black fungus mycelium can quickly resume growth and occupy the inoculation port. After inoculation, the bag is tied with a bag and transferred to the culture room for cultivation. The culture room should be cleaned in advance, and the walls, space and ground should be sprayed with sulfur fumigation or 5% phenol or peracetic acid. After the smell of the agent is dissipated, the inoculated bags are moved in and stacked in parallel or "well" shape.

Optimal temperature cultivation: Temperature has a great influence on the growth of black fungus mycelium. In order to make the black fungus mycelium grow normally, the room temperature must be controlled according to different growth stages. The mycelium growth stages are divided into:

Germination period: within 15 days after inoculation, the indoor temperature should be 26-28℃ for the first 10 days, so that the mycelium can absorb nutrients faster in the most suitable environment, settle and spread, occupy the culture medium, become dominant, and reduce contamination by other bacteria. However, it should not exceed 30℃. After 10 days, as the mycelium grows and develops, the temperature in the bag gradually rises. Generally, the bag temperature will be 2-3℃ higher than the room temperature, so the room temperature should be adjusted to 22-24℃.

Robust stage: After 20 days, the mycelium reaches the strongest stage of decomposition and absorption of nutrients. The mycelium is vigorous and strong, the metabolism is accelerated, the bag temperature continues to rise, and the room temperature is preferably around 22°C. At this time, special attention should be paid to turning the pile to prevent abnormal temperature and increase ventilation times.

Maturity period: After 40 days, the mycelium enters the physiological maturity stage, which means it will transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. The bag temperature gradually decreases and remains at around 20°C. It is necessary to observe the temperature changes and master the time of opening and closing doors and windows. When closing the door to increase the temperature, it is necessary to pay attention to the temperature and timely ventilation. The temperature can still rise after closing the door, so it is necessary to pay attention to the timely dispersal of the mushroom tubes to avoid "burning the mushrooms". When the mycelium fills the bag, it can be moved to the cultivation field for ear management.

3. Selection of black fungus ear

Choose a field or lawn with good ventilation, plenty of sunshine, convenient water source, no pollution source, and waterlogging prevention as the ear field. Make a turtle-back-shaped bed, 120cm wide and unlimited in length, with the side ditch as a sidewalk. Use small wooden poles or wires to make a frame, and the rows are slightly sparser than the mushroom tubes. Cover the bed with hay to keep moisture (or cover it with a mulch film to prevent sediment from eroding the ear tubes, so that the ear pieces are clean and free of impurities and pollution, and the quality is high after drying. The ear tubes do not need to be covered with film, and no shade shed is built. They are discharged in the open air to allow air to flow.

4. Management of black fungus tube arrangement and removal

In early February, transfer the grown ear tubes to the ear field. Choose a sunny or cloudy day to arrange the field. Punch the ear tubes into about 180 ear holes (use a 0.5mm thick nail head to make a hole punching tool). Use a non-detachable bag. After a week of punching the ear tubes, when the mycelium in the ear holes recovers, spray fine water for management. Spray once in the morning and evening, half an hour each time. Increase the amount of water spraying depending on the growth of its fruiting body. Spray when the temperature is low, do not spray when the temperature is high (daytime), and spray more on sunny and windy days (morning and evening). Water management is the key in the cultivation process of black fungus. When the primordium is formed, the relative humidity of the air in the cultivation field should be 90%-95%. In a dry and wet environment that constantly alternates, water should be sprayed in the morning and evening when the temperature is high, and the number of water spraying should be increased when the air is dry. Stop spraying one day before harvesting. After harvesting, cultivate the fungus for 7 days, spray fine water once every 8 days to moisten the culture medium, and continue spraying water after new ear buds are formed. The ear pieces can be picked when they are 80% to 90% mature. After picking two batches of black fungus, the mushroom tubes are replaced once to make the ears grow evenly at both ends and promote the formation of fruiting bodies by mycelium. A total of 4 to 5 batches are picked. The processing and drying of black fungus is relatively simple. It can be dried in the sun. The storage is also simple. It can be put into film bags or woven bags and stacked in a dry and dark place.

5. Note the following issues

The main problem of black fungus cultivation in sawdust bags is mold contamination. This is because the fungus tube lacks a protective layer like the bark of a log, and the cortex layer of the mushroom tube, which leads to bacterial infection. In addition, the black fungus mycelium is thin and lacks the strength and resistance of the mushroom mycelium. Because black fungus is a colloid fungus, it is easy to attract pests and diseases during the ear bud and ear stage if the temperature and humidity are not well managed and the ventilation is poor. Therefore, we adopt the open-field cultivation method without building a shade shed and covering with a film, which is an effective measure to solve ventilation and dehumidification, and can also avoid the breeding of miscellaneous bacteria and pests.

Proper arrangement of the time for ear emergence. The favorable conditions of temperature, humidity, air, etc. in early spring are conducive to the growth of black fungus, ensuring the high yield and high quality of black fungus, making breakthrough progress in the cultivation of black fungus in bags, and stabilizing the yield; using scientific methods to pierce the ear holes, so that the fungus tube is stimulated but not damaged, the ears emerge evenly and neatly, and the black fungus is picked without impurities. Early spring rainwater is evenly mixed, the ears emerge early, the tide turns quickly, there are no diseases and pests, no need to spray pesticides, and management is simple and easy. The quality of the black fungus is good, the color is deep and the flesh is thick, the shape of the flower is comparable to that of the black fungus, and it can meet the export standards for foreign trade.