Corn High Yield Technology

To get a high yield of corn, you also need certain cultivation techniques, so today I will give you a detailed introduction:

1. Choose high-quality corn varieties

How to choose the best corn varieties is a key issue related to the increase of autumn yield and income. The following principles should be followed when choosing corn varieties:

(I) Select varieties according to heat resource conditions. Local heat resources are related to the growth period of corn varieties. Corn varieties with long growth periods have good high-yield performance and high yield potential. The local heat and growth period must meet the needs of the varieties to fully mature. If the heat is sufficient, try to choose corn varieties with long growth periods so that the production potential of excellent varieties can be effectively exerted. However, excessive pursuit of high yields and the use of corn varieties with too long growth periods will result in the corn not being fully mature, the grains not being full, and affecting the nutrition and quality of the corn. Therefore, when choosing corn varieties, it is necessary to ensure that the corn matures normally and does not affect the timely sowing of the next crop. The height of the terrain is related to the ground temperature. The temperature of the hill is high, so it is advisable to choose late-maturing varieties or medium-late maturing varieties with a long growth period; medium-late maturing varieties are suitable for the growth period of flat land; medium-early maturing varieties are suitable for depressions.

(II) Select varieties according to local production and management conditions. The yield potential of corn varieties is related to production and management conditions. Varieties with high yield potential require good production and management conditions, while varieties with low production potential also require relatively low production and management conditions. Therefore, in areas with high production and management levels, fertile soil, and sufficient water resources, corn varieties with high yield potential and high yield increase potential can be selected. Conversely, varieties with slightly lower production potential but better stability should be selected.

(III) Select varieties based on the previous crop. The increase in yield and income of corn varieties is directly related to the previous crop. If the previous crop was soybeans, the soil fertility is good, and it is advisable to select high-yield varieties; if the previous crop was corn, and it grows well and has a high yield, you can continue to select this variety; if the previous crop of corn is infected with a certain disease, you should avoid varieties that are susceptible to this disease when selecting seeds. In addition, the same variety cannot be planted in the same plot for three or four consecutive years, otherwise the land will become barren and the variety will degenerate.

(IV) Select seeds based on diseases. Diseases are the nemesis of corn yields, which are mainly related to soil. When selecting seeds, you should avoid varieties that are not suitable for growing under unbalanced soil nutrients and abnormal ground temperature. For example, "Denghai No. 9" is only suitable for growing in plots with balanced soil nutrients and high maturity.

(V) Select seeds based on seed appearance. The purity and quality of corn varieties directly affect the yield of corn. For every 1% decrease in the purity of corn grade 1 seeds (purity 98%), its yield will decrease by 0.61%. Selecting high-quality varieties is a favorable guarantee for achieving high corn yields. High-quality seed packaging bags are sealed once and have the name, detailed address and phone number of the seed company; the production date, purity, moisture and germination rate are clearly indicated on the seed label; the shape, size and color of the seeds are uniform.

(VI) Select varieties based on local precipitation and accumulated temperature. According to experience, if the snowfall in the previous winter was small and the winter was not cold, there will be more rainfall in the next summer, and the accumulated temperature will not be high. Varieties with a long growth period will not have enough accumulated temperature, which will affect maturity. On the contrary, if the snowfall in the previous winter was large and the winter was very cold, there will generally be less rainfall in the next summer, and the accumulated temperature will be high. It is easy to choose varieties with strong drought resistance, and some mid- and late-maturing varieties can be planted in depressions.

2. Precision sowing of corn in the morning to resist drought

Drought-resistant precision sowing to preserve seedlings is the prerequisite for achieving high yields. The "early three-ahead" technology is to sow early by timely grabbing moisture, before the early spring (making full use of backwash water). Topdressing should be done before the summer drought (so that the high-efficiency period of corn fertilizer and water needs coincides with the peak of the rainy and hot period in July and August); corn matures before frost (making full use of effective accumulated temperature to promote early maturity and increase corn yield). ① Early sowing time is between April 15 and 25, and the best time is the 20th. Ground temperature index, sowing can be done when the ground temperature of 10 cm soil is stable between 7 and 8℃. ② Seed drought-resistant treatment technology. Use corn biological seed soaking agent and drought-resistant water-retaining agent for treatment (refer to the variety instructions for usage). ③ Sowing quality. Ensure appropriate depth, consistent soil covering, improve uniformity of seedling emergence, and achieve full seedlings, uniform seedlings and strong seedlings.

As yield increases, the role of sowing technology on yield gradually increases. Sowing technology includes seed treatment selection, soil preparation, reasonable density, sowing method, sowing amount and sowing depth.

Seed treatment: sun drying. Corn seeds that have been exposed to the sun absorb water quickly after sowing, germinate early, have uniform emergence, a high emergence rate, and strong seedlings.

Seed soaking and seed dressing: Seed soaking in water mainly provides water and promotes germination. Chemical agents for seed soaking mainly include potassium dihydrogen phosphate and trace elements, but if the concentration of the soaking is too high or the soaking time is too long, the seeds are easily poisoned and the germination rate is reduced. Seed dressing with pesticides can prevent and control pests and diseases.

Seed coating is to coat the seeds with a layer of medicine. After sowing, the coated seeds have the ability to resist diseases and insects and promote rooting and germination. The medicine should be used according to the local diseases and insect pests.

Carefully prepare soil moisture: Soil moisture is the key to seed germination quality. With good soil moisture, the land is flat, the sowing depth is easy to be consistent, and the seedlings emerge neatly and evenly. An important part of soil moisture preparation before sowing is the adjustment of soil moisture. In the Huanghuai summer and intercropping summer corn areas, seasonal drought often occurs after wheat harvest, which worsens the soil moisture during corn sowing; therefore, yellow water is often used to supplement the bottom moisture in production.

Reasonable density and determination of sowing amount: Reasonable density should take into account the characteristics of the variety. Secondly, if the soil fertility and the amount of fertilizer applied are large and reasonable, the appropriate density is large. In areas prone to drought and without irrigation conditions, the planting density should be sparse.

The calculation method of corn sowing amount is: Seed amount (kg) = sowing density × number of seeds per hole × seed weight × area. We should focus on developing corn precision sowing technology and improving sowing quality.

Determine the sowing depth: The sowing depth is generally 5 to 6 cm. In clay with good moisture conditions, shallow sowing should be appropriate, 4 to 5 cm is appropriate. In loose sandy loam, deep sowing should be appropriate, 6 to 8 cm is appropriate. If the soil moisture is high, deep sowing is not appropriate, and deep sowing should be appropriate if the soil is dry.

Post-sowing suppression: After covering the soil after sowing, it is necessary to suppress appropriately. It is necessary to suppress heavily during drought, and do not suppress when there is too much moisture in the soil.

Appropriate application of seed fertilizer: Appropriate application of seed fertilizer can provide sufficient nutrients for seedlings, promote growth in the seedling stage and enhance resistance to adverse factors such as drought, low temperature, and disease. Seed fertilizer includes a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer. The amount of seed fertilizer should be controlled and isolated to avoid burning the seedlings. Generally, 5-8 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu is applied, which has a good effect.

If there are missing plants and seedlings after sowing, but there is no obvious missing row or broken ridge phenomenon, you can leave two plants in the plant holes adjacent to the missing plants when transplanting the seedlings to make up the density; you can also plant shade-tolerant crops such as soybeans and potatoes in areas with serious missing rows and broken ridges. If only half of the seedlings have emerged, you can sow intercropping crops. If less than half of the seedlings have emerged, it is recommended to destroy the seeds and re-sow.

Corn likes warmth and light. The minimum temperature for corn seeds to germinate is 6-7°C, but the germination speed is extremely slow and they are easily attacked and rotted by bacteria and fungi in the soil. In some places, in order to avoid the influence of summer drought and poor pollination caused by the high temperature season, they are sown too early in spring. Due to the low soil temperature and the unstable seasonal temperature, it often takes 20 days from sowing to germination. During this period, if there is rain or cold wave, it often causes uneven germination or seed rot. Corn seeds germinate quickly and evenly at a temperature of 10-12°C. This temperature is used as the minimum temperature indicator for starting sowing in production.

Corn seedlings are more resistant to low temperatures than in the later stages of growth. They will not freeze to death at 0°C, but will be damaged at short-term low temperatures of -2 to -3°C. If the temperature rises quickly and management is timely, the seedlings will resume normal growth in a few days. If low temperatures continue for a long time, the seedlings will freeze to death. When corn grows 4 to 5 leaves, it can still resist slight frost, and its cold resistance gradually decreases thereafter. The reason why low temperatures cause seedlings to grow slowly is that the metabolism of the roots slows down. When the temperature drops to 4 to 5°C, the root system stops growing completely. In agricultural production management, ridge sowing to increase the area of ​​sunlight or mulching to increase soil temperature are of great benefit to promoting root development.

3. Reasonable density of corn planting

1. Increase row spacing. Change the traditional row spacing of 60-65 cm to 120-130 cm (which is also equivalent to planting in alternate rows). Concentrate fertilizer and seedlings on 1/2 of the utilization area. Increase the density, and ensure that 60,000 to 62,000 seedlings per hectare, and the number of harvested plants must be 58,000.

2. Increase the spacing between plants. Instead of the conventional ridges, use a long-distance cover with multiple plants (3 plants at 80 cm or 4 plants at 100 cm), which can guarantee 60,000 to 62,000 seedlings per hectare, and 58,000 to 60,000 plants can be harvested.

4. Scientific fertilization of corn

Combine organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. Apply 80 cubic meters of high-quality farmyard manure per hectare. Chemical fertilizer requires 75% to be applied as base fertilizer, and 25% as topdressing. The base fertilizer depth is 15 to 20 cm (in order to avoid chemical fertilizer burning young roots, urea slow-release agent should be mixed in). The fertilization standard should be adjusted according to the local soil fertility and water conditions. The standard is based on 130% of the normal annual dosage (increase the normal dosage by 30%).

5. Prevention and control of corn pests and diseases

Seeds are coated with coating agents, and the coating agents with the required composition ratios for the local area are selected. The dosage must be met according to the instructions to effectively prevent and control. To prevent the occurrence of corn dwarf disease, spray corn coarse shrinkage once when the corn is 6 to 8 leaves.

For large spot disease, use 75% thiophanate-methyl 500-800 times solution or 50% carbendazim 500 times solution, spray at the tassel stage, and spray again after 10-15 days. Release trichogrammatids in time to prevent corn borers. You can also use 50% phoxim or 50% methyl parathion, 50% 1605, 0.5 kg mixed with 50 kg of arsenopyrite, and put it on the heart leaves at the trumpet stage.