Chayote Field Management

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Chayote

Chayote Field Management

1. Planting Chayote in Shandong area can be planted in greenhouses and greenhouses in early to mid-March. On the south side of the greenhouse, dig a planting pit at a density of 15-20 plants per mu, with one plant every 5-6 meters. The planting pit is 1 meter long, wide and deep. Apply 200-250 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer into the pit, mix it evenly with the topsoil, and tamp it down with your feet. When planting, plant the melon seedlings with the soil ball, and the soil ball should be level with the ground surface. Water heavily after planting. If there is no deep plowing, spray soil conditioner to avoid deep plowing 200 grams/mu, promote the loosening and permeability of the soil 30-50 cm deep, which is conducive to deep rooting and enhanced absorption capacity in the future.

2. Field Management

1. Early management Before June, the growth is slow, and the vine length is no more than 2-3 meters, which does not affect the growth and development of other crops in the greenhouse. During this period, watering and fertilizing are not needed too much. Generally, water once every 5-7 days, and fertilize once every 10-20 days, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, 100-150 grams of compound fertilizer or urea per plant each time. More tillage and loosening of the soil should be done to promote root development.

2. Management during the climbing period Entering June, with the rise in temperature and the increase in rainfall, the growth of chayote will accelerate significantly. During this period, the amount and frequency of watering should be increased. Water once every 2-3 days, and keep the soil moist. In case of heavy rain, drainage should be carried out in time to prevent waterlogging. During this period, the plants grow vigorously and require more fertilizers, so topdressing should be carried out in time. Generally, once every 15 days, 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer is used per plant each time. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be used in the later stage. When topdressing, it can be spread around the plants, or it can be applied in a ring ditch 1 meter away from the plants. Water immediately after topdressing. There are many weeds in the hot summer and rainy season, so inter-cultivation and weeding should be carried out in time. In June, the early spring cultivation crops in the greenhouses and greenhouses are over, and the greenhouse film should be removed in time to let the melon vines go up the shelves. The melon vines should be adjusted frequently to make them evenly distributed on the brackets. Leave 2-4 vines per plant, and remove the rest as soon as possible. After the vines are led to the shelves, the side branches above the shelf surface are generally retained. The side vines from the lower part of the plant should be removed as soon as possible. When the stems and leaves of the plants are too dense, remove some of the dense side vines, old leaves, diseased and insect-infested leaves and branches to maintain a reasonable group structure. Chayote has strong disease resistance and no disease has been found in Shandong Province. Only a small number of mites are harmful, which can be controlled by spraying avermectin. Spray natural brassica rapa-Shuofeng 481 once every 20 days to promote growth and development.

3. Management during the fruiting period Throughout the summer, other crops are not cultivated in greenhouses or greenhouses because of the shade provided by chayote. In September, the daylight becomes shorter, the weather turns cooler, and the rainfall decreases, and chayote enters the flowering and fruiting period. During this period, watering should be done frequently, generally once every 1-2 days, to keep the chayote trellis moist but not dry, fully meeting the needs of flowering and fruiting. Buds at the base of the main vine should be removed in time, and overgrown branches and vines should be removed to ensure adequate nutrient supply for flowers and fruits.

4. Harvest: Start harvesting young melons in early to late October. Harvest young fruits 15-20 days after flowering, and the fruits mature in 35-50 days. Generally, harvest once every 7-10 days, and all harvests should be completed before the frost falls.