High-yield cultivation technology of Morchella solium

Any kind of vegetable and fungus food must have certain cultivation techniques, so today I will tell you about the high-yield cultivation technology of pig stomach mushrooms, which you may not be familiar with:

1. Preparation of mushroom production site

1. Preparation of indoor mushroom production site. A mushroom production bed frame should be built. The width of the double-sided operation bed frame is 180 cm, and the width of the single-sided operation bed frame is 90 cm. The bed frame layer distance is 60 cm, the bottom layer is 30 cm from the ground, the top layer is 130 cm from the ceiling, and the distance between the bed frames is 80 cm. There should be several windows facing each other in the room to facilitate ventilation. Before mushroom production, the room should be disinfected with aerosol disinfectant and sprayed with 1000 times diluted 25% cypermethrin.

2. Preparation of outdoor mushroom production site. Build a 2-meter-high shade shed on the site, surrounded by straw curtains, and shaded by reeds on the top, with a shading degree of 70%. Level the ground in the shed, with a width of 1.2 meters and a length depending on the site. The furrow is 50 cm wide and 20 cm deep. Drainage ditches are opened around the site, with a depth of 30 cm. Two furrows are grouped together, and arched bamboo strips are inserted along both sides of each group of furrows. The interval between the bamboo strips is 90 cm, and the highest point of the bow is 180 cm from the furrow surface. Cover the bamboo strips with plastic film, and sprinkle lime powder on the furrow surface for disinfection.

2. Cultivation and management of Boletus oleraceus

1. Cultivation season: Generally, inoculation is arranged from March to May, and mushrooms are produced from June to September. Different places can flexibly control it according to local natural temperature conditions.

2. Preparation of cultivation bags. Culture medium formula: 39% dry sawdust, 34% cottonseed hulls, 22% wheat bran, 3% corn flour, 1% sugar, and 1% light calcium carbonate. Preparation method: First moisten the cottonseed hulls with clean water, then mix the sawdust, wheat bran, corn flour, light calcium carbonate and pre-moistened cottonseed hulls. Dissolve sugar in water to supplement the water content of the culture medium, and control the water content at 65%, adjust the pH value to 7.5-8, use 17 cm × 33 cm × 0.005 cm polypropylene cultivation bags, each bag has a wet weight of 1000 grams (about 350 grams of dry material). Put a double sponge ring on the plastic bag after filling. Sterilize in a normal pressure stove. The temperature in the stove rises to 100℃ and maintains for 15 hours. Place the cooled fungus bag in the inoculation box, disinfect it with an aerosol disinfectant, and inoculate it according to the aseptic operation procedures. Each bag of cultivation can be inoculated with 40-50 bags.

3. Mycelium culture. The inoculated bags are placed upright on the shelves in the culture room and cultured in the dark. The culture temperature is 25-28℃, and the relative humidity of the air in the culture room is 70%-75%. In the mycelium culture stage, doors and windows should be closed in the early stage to avoid large fluctuations in indoor temperature; ventilation should be strengthened in the later stage to keep the indoor air fresh. During the culture process, the mycelium should be checked twice when the mycelium grows to 1/3-4/5 of the bag height, and contaminated, dead or abnormally growing bags should be removed. Under normal circumstances, the mycelium can fill the bag in 40-50 days.

4. Open the bag and cover with soil. 10 days after the mycelium fills the cultivation bag and the temperature is stable above 20℃, the bag can be opened for fruiting. Remove the rings one by one, untie the bag mouth, and cover the surface of the culture medium with soil. The thickness of the covering soil is 3 to 4 cm. You can choose burnt soil, field soil, and garden soil. The diameter of the soil particles is 1.5 to 2.0 cm. Before use, place the covering soil in the sun until it turns white, and then use water to adjust the humidity of the soil particles. The degree is that the soil particles can be flattened without falling apart. Fold down the upper part of the mushroom bag covered with soil so that the edge of the bag mouth is 2 to 3 cm above the ground, and evenly arrange the treated mushroom bags vertically on the outdoor bed surface or indoor mushroom bed frame.

5. Management of mushroom production. After covering the soil, pay attention to keep the soil moist, and close the door or cover the film more often to stimulate the early differentiation of the primordium. Generally, 7 to 10 days after covering the soil, the top of the primordium can be exposed to the soil surface. After the primordium is unearthed, pay attention to controlling the air humidity of the site between 80% and 95%. At the same time, strengthen ventilation, keep the air fresh, and pay attention to a certain amount of scattered light in the site. The temperature of the site should be controlled at 23-32℃ during the entire mushroom production stage. The amount of water sprayed should be specifically controlled according to the size of the mushroom, the humidity of the covering soil and the climate conditions. Spray more water when there are more mushrooms and less water when there are fewer mushrooms; spray more on sunny days and less on cloudy days. Flexible control of ventilation according to different growth stages of the mushroom body, increase ventilation in turn during the unearthing of the stem, the formation of the cap, and the growth stage, and keep the relative humidity of the air in the mushroom house at about 90%. Harvest in time when the mushroom body is mature, fill the soil in time after each tide of mushroom harvesting, and stop watering and cultivate the mushrooms for 3 to 5 days before conducting the management of mushroom production.

6. Pest and disease control. During the mycelium growth stage, focus on preventing various molds from invading the culture medium and causing contamination. Pay attention to the production environment, raw and auxiliary materials, and production process to strictly comply with the requirements, and do not check the bacteria too frequently. During the fruiting body growth stage, focus on preventing various pests, such as various mushroom flies and mushroom mosquitoes. The main method is to improve environmental hygiene. If necessary, spray 25% chrysanthemum ester 1000-2000 times liquid.

3. Key points for harvesting pig stomach mushroom

The fruiting bodies are harvested when they are 80% to 90% mature, funnel-shaped, with rolled edges and no spores ejected. Each time a fruiting body is harvested, the mushroom stems remaining in the soil should be pinched and gently rotated to remove them to prevent the mushroom stems from rotting in the soil and causing diseases and insect pests.