Mushroom Verrucosporium

Today I will introduce to you the prevention and control techniques of mushroom verrucosporium disease. Please take a look.

1. Symptoms of mushroom damage

The pathogen only infects the fruiting body without harming the mycelium. The growing and developing mycelium can stimulate the germination of the spores of Verrucosporium. The first batch of mushrooms is infected, and the source of infection is usually the covering soil and old mushroom racks; the subsequent batches of mushrooms are infected by water, tools and human operation. If it is infected during the bud formation period, the normal mushroom buds have not yet appeared, but the diseased mushrooms grow in large quantities, forming a puffball-like tissue. The diseased mushrooms generally produce mushrooms 3 to 4 days earlier than normal mushrooms; if it is infected during the growth period of young buds, although the diseased mushrooms can continue to grow, the mushroom caps develop abnormally or stop developing, the mushroom stems swell and deform and become twisted, and the diseased mushrooms are hollow in the later stage. Fluffy hyphae grow at the junction of the cap and the stem and at the base of the stem, and then turn dark brown, exude brown water droplets on the surface and rot, and emit a foul odor.

2. Mushroom Occurrence Pattern

The pathogen is widely distributed in the topsoil layer at a depth of 2 to 9 cm. Its suitable growth temperature is about 25°C. It grows very slowly below 10°C and basically cannot grow above 35°C. Tests show that in soil and compost, its pathogenic spores will die in 4 hours at 56°C (1 hour at 65°C). The pathogen is mainly spread through soil, water spray, people, tools, insects, etc. In addition, poor ventilation, high temperature and high humidity in mushroom houses are also important causes of the disease.

3. Mushroom prevention and control methods

(i) Before planting, spray the mushroom house and mushroom rack with 5% bleaching powder solution or 5% formaldehyde solution for disinfection. (ii) Cover the soil for disinfection. The covering soil should be taken from the deep layer below 30 cm. Do not take the surface soil, and do not take soil from the field where mushroom waste has been produced. After the covering soil is ready, it should be exposed to the sun until dry, and disinfected with pesticides at the same time. The specific method is to use 1.5 grams of Cimeijing per square meter and mix it with the soil before covering the soil. In areas with serious diseases, the dosage can be appropriately increased; the second application of pesticides is after the second batch of mushrooms are harvested, and the mushroom bed is sprayed with 700 times solution of Yaomeijing. (iii) Stop spraying water immediately after the diseased mushrooms are found, and increase the ventilation of the mushroom house. When there are few diseased mushrooms, they should be removed and burned in time, and do not throw them away to prevent infection; when a large number of diseased mushrooms appear on the mushroom bed, do not dig them out immediately. First, pick all the good mushrooms, and then spray with 500 times solution of Yaomeijing. Spray once every 3 to 7 days, and spray 3 to 4 times in a row.

IV. Other matters needing attention

(i) The tools used to pick diseased mushrooms should be disinfected with 2% formaldehyde solution, and hands should be washed in time. Never use hands that have picked diseased mushrooms to clean mushroom beds. (ii) In areas where the disease is serious, do not arbitrarily advance the date of covering the soil. (iii) In areas where the disease is serious, mushroom farmers should not visit each other to avoid spreading pathogenic spores to other people's mushroom houses.