New technology for cultivating Tremella fuciformis

Today I will tell you about the new cultivation technology of Tremella fuciformis:

1. Biological characteristics

1. Nutrition

Tremella is a fungus with a weak ability to decompose wood. It can only use simple carbohydrates such as glucose and sucrose, but lacks the ability to decompose hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. Only after being decomposed by the mycelium of ear fungus (commonly known as incense ash fungus), the soluble nutrients metabolized can be used by Tremella mycelium. Therefore, when cultivating Tremella with substitute materials, in addition to cellulose, lignin and other substances, sugar substances that are easily absorbed by Tremella mycelium must also be added to the substrate.

(ii) Temperature

The temperature range for the growth of Tremella mycelium is 6-32℃, the optimum growth temperature is 20-28℃, and 25-28℃ is the best. When the temperature is below 18℃, the cell wall of Tremella mycelium thickens and breaks into spores; when the temperature is above 28℃, Tremella mycelium is sparse, while the mycelium of Otitis vigorous growth. The most suitable growth temperature for the mycelium of Otitis vigor is 25-26℃. Since Tremella mycelium is a mixed mycelium complex, when culturing the strain, it is necessary to take into account the growth of both mycelium, that is, it should be cultured at 22-26℃. The temperature range for the growth of Tremella fruiting bodies is 15-30℃, and the most suitable growth temperature is 23-25℃. Both below 20℃ and above 28℃ are not conducive to the growth of Tremella fruiting bodies. During the ear period, the growth of mycelium of Otitis vigor should also be taken into account, and the optimum temperature conditions for the growth of mycelium of Otitis vigor should be created, so that Otitis vigor can continuously decompose the nutrients in the matrix for the growth and development of fruiting bodies.

(III) Moisture and humidity

Water is the primary condition for Tremella's life activities. During the mycelium growth stage, the water content of the mycelium growth matrix of Tremella and Otitis media is preferably 60%. Too little water will cause Tremella mycelium to grow weakly, and it is also not conducive to the growth of Otitis media; when the water content in the culture medium is too high, Tremella mycelium will break into spores, while Otitis media can grow normally, which is not conducive to Tremella strain production. During the fruiting body growth stage, more water is needed. The humidity in the ear environment should be 85%-95%. If the humidity is too low, the ear pieces are prone to dryness and death; on the contrary, long-term exposure to high humidity conditions will easily cause runny ears.

(IV) Air

Tremella is an aerobic fungus. In the early stage of mycelial growth, it requires less oxygen, but in the later stage, it needs more oxygen. Under the condition of lack of oxygen, the primordium differentiates slowly, and the glial mass after twisting cannot differentiate into ear pieces for a long time. During the growth and development of ear pieces, if the ventilation is poor and the humidity is high, ear rot and bacterial infection are likely to occur.

(V) Light

Tremella fuciformis hyphae and ear fungus hyphae can grow normally under diffuse light conditions. Under diffuse light, ear fungus hyphae grow dense, coarse, and have more dark brown secretions. During the differentiation of fruiting bodies, diffuse light is necessary. Under dark conditions, fruiting bodies cannot form. When the light is weak, the fruiting bodies differentiate slowly and the quality is low. However, under strong direct sunlight, it is not conducive to the growth of ear pieces, and they are easy to dry and die.

(vi) pH

Tremella mycelium can grow in the range of pH 5.2-7.2, and the most suitable pH for growth is 5.2-5.8. When cultivating with substitute materials, the pH of the culture medium should be 5-6.

2. Cultivation Technology

According to the growth temperature range of Tremella fuciformis fruiting bodies, it is better to cultivate it in the natural temperature of spring and autumn. Due to different climatic conditions in different places, Tremella fuciformis can be cultivated as long as the maximum temperature does not exceed 28℃ and the minimum temperature is not lower than 20℃.

(I) Selection of culture medium

The main raw materials for cultivating bag-grown Tremella fuciformis are agricultural and forestry by-products such as sawdust, cottonseed hulls, corn cobs and bagasse, and wheat bran, rice bran, soybean powder, gypsum, sucrose, etc. are added as auxiliary materials.

When other agricultural and sideline products are used as raw and auxiliary materials for cultivation, they should be fresh and free of mold.

(II) Culture medium formula

The formulas introduced below are basic formulas and high-yield formulas that have been tested in production practices in various places. Localities can use them as a reference based on local resource conditions.

Formula 1: 78% sawdust, 19% wheat bran, 1% sucrose, 1% superphosphate, 1% gypsum. Add one kilogram of Gulibao Fengchanling produced by Zhejiang Qingyuan Keda Edible Fungi Company to every 500 kilograms of culture medium.

Formula 2: 74% sawdust, 22% wheat bran, 3% gypsum powder, 0.3% lime powder, 0.7% magnesium sulfate. Add one kilogram of Gulibao Fengchanling produced by Zhejiang Qingyuan Keda Edible Fungi Company to every 500 kilograms of culture medium.

Formula 3: 76% sawdust, 20% wheat bran, 1.5% soybean powder, 0.5% magnesium sulfate, 1% sucrose, 1% gypsum powder. Add one kilogram of Gulibao Fengchanling produced by Zhejiang Qingyuan Keda Edible Fungi Company to every 500 kilograms of culture medium.

Formula 4: 73% sawdust, 24.5% wheat bran, 1% gypsum powder, 1% sucrose, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Add one kilogram of Gulibao Fengchanling produced by Zhejiang Qingyuan Keda Edible Fungi Company to every 500 kilograms of culture medium.

Formula 5: 40% sawdust, 37.6% cottonseed hulls, 20% wheat bran, 2% gypsum powder, 0.4% magnesium sulfate. Add one kilogram of Gulibao Fengchanling produced by Zhejiang Qingyuan Keda Edible Fungi Company to every 500 kilograms of culture medium.

Formula 6: 78% cottonseed hulls, 18% sawdust, 3.5% gypsum powder, 0.5% magnesium sulfate. Add one kilogram of Gulibao Fengchanling produced by Zhejiang Qingyuan Keda Edible Fungi Company to every 500 kilograms of culture medium.

3. Preparation and bagging of culture medium

(I) Preparation of culture medium

Before mixing, the culture medium should be exposed to the sun for one day to use the ultraviolet rays in the sunlight to kill the spores of bacteria, insect eggs and leeches, and then sieve to remove impurities and coarse particles to prevent the ear bags from being punctured.

Wheat bran in the culture medium formula is a common raw material for Tremella cultivation, usually accounting for 20%~30% of the dry weight of the culture medium. With the development of edible fungus production, wheat bran resources are becoming increasingly scarce and the price is rising. When wheat bran is lacking, fine rice bran can be used instead, but the protein and fat content of fine rice bran are lower than wheat bran. Therefore, when using rice bran, 2~3 kg of soybean powder should be added for every 50 kg to supplement nutrients.

In production practice, it is found that adding soybean powder can make the ear pieces white and thick, increase the yield, and the common amount accounts for 1% to 2% of the dry weight of the culture medium. When mixing the ingredients, the soybeans can be ground into fine powder or added into soybean slurry to achieve a good grinding effect. The method is to soak the soybeans in water for 6 to 8 hours to make them absorb water and soften, and then grind them. If the temperature is too high when mixing tantalum ingredients, the grinding method should not be used.

The sucrose, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc. in the formula should first be dissolved in a small amount of hot water, mixed into the water for cultivating the material, and then mixed.

In the formula of Tremella fuciformis culture medium, do not use the pesticide carbendazim.

The amount of water added during mixing should be determined according to the properties of the culture medium. Generally, for raw materials with loose materials such as cotton husks, a slightly larger amount is added, but the moisture content should be controlled at 50%~55%, not exceeding 60%.

(ii) Bagging

When Tremella fuciformis is cultivated in bags in large quantities, normal pressure sterilization is usually adopted, so polyethylene tube film is suitable as cultivation container; if high pressure sterilization is adopted, Qingyuan Gurong brand polypropylene tube film is required.

The ear bag can be 12×55. When the production batch is large, it is best to use a bagging machine. Generally, each machine can load 400 bags per hour. From mixing to bagging, it is required to be completed within 5 hours.

4. Sterilization and inoculation

Normal pressure sterilization is used, and the volume of the sterilizer is more suitable to be able to hold 1000 bags. When sterilizing, the fire should be strong at the beginning, so that the temperature can be raised to 100℃ within 4 hours, and then maintained at medium heat, and stopped after 10-12 hours.

(1) Vaccination must strictly follow the aseptic operation procedures.

5. Production Management

After inoculation, the first thing to grow on the seed block is the incense ash hyphae, which begins to decompose lignin and cellulose and secrete black pigments. Then the Tremella hyphae also begin to spread in the matrix and gradually twist into a ball at the inoculation site to form a fruiting body primordium. When the primordium begins to form, it is just a group of yellow-brown translucent colloid particles, and then gradually tillers and spreads, and matures. Therefore, the growth and development of Tremella is a continuous physiological process, usually divided into two stages: hyphae growth and fruiting body development. In order to facilitate indoor management, it is more reasonable to divide the bag-grown Tremella into four management stages based on the biological characteristics of Tremella.

(I) Management during the mycelium growth period (1-12 days) After inoculation, move the ear bags to a pre-sterilized culture room and stack them crosswise on the bed frame in a "well" shape for spawning. The natural temperature will determine the stacking height or density of the ear bags.