Off-season cultivation of Flammulina velutipes

If you want to cultivate Flammulina velutipes off-season, what issues should you pay attention to? Let me tell you about them in detail today:

1. Selection of bacterial strains.

Hybrid No. 19 Flammulina velutipes strain can be selected as an off-season cultivar. This variety is resistant to pests and diseases and high temperatures. Its mycelium can grow at a temperature of 12-28°C, and the temperature for fruiting and growth is 8-20°C. The temperature above 24°C will not produce mushrooms.

2. Preparation of culture medium.

In order to promote the growth of Flammulina velutipes mycelium, nutrient-rich culture medium should be used. The following formula is introduced: cottonseed hulls account for 35%, bagasse accounts for 35%, bran accounts for 25%, corn flour accounts for 2%, sugar accounts for 1%, and carbon and calcium account for 2%. After mixing the above ingredients, put them into a low-pressure polyethylene bag with a specification of 17 cm × 38 cm × 0.006 cm, and put the culture medium into the bag about 15 cm high (300 grams of dry material per bag). After compacting, poke a 10 cm deep hole in the middle of the bag, close the bag mouth, add a ring, plug cotton, and steam sterilize at 100℃ under normal pressure for 12 hours.

3. Inoculation and cultivation.

Move the sterilized cultivation bags into the sterile room while they are still hot and let them cool down. In this way, the cultivation bags will shrink due to the sudden cooling, and the side walls of the bags will not grow mushrooms and consume the nutrients of the culture medium during cultivation. Put the cooled cultivation bags in the inoculation box for inoculation, and then transfer them to the dark room for cultivation to promote the rapid growth of mycelium. Because the bags are made in February when the average monthly temperature is only about 15℃, and the mycelium of Flammulina velutipes needs a higher temperature to grow, the bags should be arranged close to each other on the culture rack, and covered with plastic film at night when the weather is cold to keep the temperature between the bags at 15-25℃. In addition, the room should be ventilated for 1 hour at around 2 pm every day to reduce the carbon dioxide concentration, accelerate the growth of mycelium, and shorten the spawning period to about 25 days.

4. Mushroom production management.

When the mushroom age is about 20 days, all the bags should be checked once, and the bags infected with miscellaneous bacteria should be removed. The uncontaminated bags should be moved from the culture room to the fruiting room and placed on the wet ground. There should be gaps between the bags, and a passage should be left for every 6 rows of each pile. This is convenient for operation and management, and also conducive to ventilation and heat dissipation of the bags. The fruiting room should face north and south, and upper and lower convection windows should be set on the north and south walls for ventilation. At night, open the ventilation windows on the north wall to let the northwest wind blow into the mushroom room and reduce the room temperature to below 18℃. Close the ventilation windows when it is high in the morning, and ventilate at 4 pm or at night. Although the weather is warm during this period, as long as the above measures are taken to cool down, the fruiting bodies of Flammulina velutipes can still occur and grow normally. After about one week of temperature change stimulation, small yellow-brown water droplets will be secreted on the surface of the culture medium in the bag, and the fruiting body primordium will appear and grow into slender young buds. When the fruiting body grows 2-3 cm in height and has a root-like shape but no cap, remove the cotton plug and the collar, straighten the bag mouth and roll it outward to 3-4 cm from the material surface. Ventilate the whole bag at night to make the fruiting body dry and fall. After 3 days, a large number of small white spots will appear on the brown and dry stipes, forming the primordium of the fruiting body. At this time, the relative humidity of the air should be increased to about 90% to promote the differentiation of the primordium and the growth of the stipes and caps. After the stipes appear, the folded bag mouth should be gradually raised as the stipes elongate to increase the carbon dioxide concentration and humidity of the microenvironment in the bag, inhibit the opening of the umbrella, and promote the elongation and thickening of the stipes. At the same time, hang a certain number of wet cloth strips indoors and pay attention to ventilation. If mushrooms are found growing on mushrooms, it means that the humidity of the environment is too high and ventilation is necessary. The appropriate time for harvesting is when the stipes grow to about 15 cm in length and the cap diameter is 1 cm.

5. Disease and pest control.

During the fruiting period of Flammulina velutipes, it is the end of spring and the beginning of summer. At this time, the temperature is high and the humidity is high, which makes brown spot disease prone to occur. This disease spreads very quickly. At first, brown spots only appear on a small number of caps, and it can spread to most fruiting bodies within a few days. Milky white mucus appears on the wall of the bag, making the whole bunch of stipes black and soft, and finally the whole bag rots. Prevention and control methods: Before opening the bag for fruiting, the mushroom house should be disinfected with 3% bleaching powder solution or 0.2% oxytetracycline solution; at the same time, spray insecticides such as dichlorvos, cypermethrin, and malathion to prevent pests from harming and the spread of pathogens. After the fruiting bodies of Flammulina velutipes are formed, spraying the plant growth inhibitor B9 can make the fruiting bodies grow thicker, inhibit the opening of the umbrella, and improve their resistance to high temperature and disease.