Eggplant grafting method steps

Today I will tell you what to pay attention to when grafting eggplant and the eggplant grafting technology:

1. Rootstock introduction:

(1) Flat eggplant, also known as red eggplant, is mainly resistant to wilt and moderately resistant to bacterial wilt (with a protection rate of up to 80%). The seeds germinate easily and have a high survival rate after grafting. Flat eggplant should be sown 7 days earlier than the scion as a rootstock. This variety should not be used as a rootstock in plots with serious soil-borne diseases (bacterial wilt).

(2) Solanum spicatum is highly resistant to Verticillium wilt (the protection rate is above 93%) and is currently a commonly used rootstock variety in the north. The seeds are easy to germinate and can germinate in about 10 days after soaking for 24 hours. Solanum spicatum is relatively resistant to low temperatures and is suitable for greenhouse grafting in autumn and winter. Solanum spicatum as a rootstock needs to be sown about 5 to 20 days earlier than the scion.

(3) Torubbam This rootstock is highly resistant or immune to four soil-borne diseases: Fusarium wilt, Verticillium wilt, bacterial wilt, and root-knot nematode disease. The seeds need to be germinated, that is, soaked in 100-200 mg of gibberellin per kilogram for 24 hours, then rinsed with clean water and placed in a small cloth bag for germination. Germination and sowing should be done 25 days earlier than the scion. If soaking the seeds for direct sowing, it should be done 35 days earlier.

Eggplant grafting

2. Selection of scion

The above rootstocks all have strong affinity for scion, and the wounds can heal in 7 to 10 days after grafting. The requirements of rootstock for scion are not strict. For example, the autumn and winter crops of Hubei eggplant No. 1, 8819 line eggplant, Nongyou long eggplant, winter and spring crops of Suqi eggplant, Hangzhou red eggplant, Xi'an green eggplant, Luoyang green eggplant and 9318 purple long eggplant can all be used as scion.

3. Grafting seedlings

(1) During the sowing period, the rootstock should be sown first and then the scion. For autumn and winter cultivation, the rootstock is generally sown in mid-July, and for winter and spring cultivation, the rootstock is generally sown in early to mid-September. For greenhouse early-maturing cultivation, the rootstock is generally sown around January.

(2) Disinfection To prevent the spread of bacteria and diseases, when soaking the scion seeds for germination, they should be soaked in 55°C warm water or 500 times diluted 50% carbendazim for 2 hours. The soil for the scion nursery bed should be field soil that has not been used to grow Solanaceae crops, or soilless seedling cultivation should be used.

4. Grafting method

(1) Cleft grafting: When the rootstock grows 6 to 7 true leaves and the scion grows 5 to 6 true leaves, grafting can be performed. Select a pair of rootstock and scion with similar stem thickness. Use a blade to cut the upper part of the two true leaves of the rootstock horizontally, and then cut a 1.0 to 5 cm deep incision in the middle of the cross section of the stem; take the scion seedling and keep 2 to 3 true leaves, cut the lower end horizontally, and then carefully cut it into a wedge shape with the length of the inclined surface equal to the rootstock cut. Then insert the scion into the rootstock cut, align it, clamp it with a fixing clamp, and place it on the seedling bed.

(2) For the grafting method, the size of the rootstock and scion are the same as above. First, retain two true leaves on the rootstock, remove the lower part, and then cut it into a 30-degree bevel with a length of 1 to 1.5 cm. Take the scion, retain 2 to 3 true leaves, cut it horizontally and remove the lower end, and also cut it into a bevel of the same size as the rootstock. Align and hold the two together and clamp them firmly with a fixing clamp.

5. Management of grafted seedlings

(1) Keep warm: The optimum temperature for wound healing after grafting is around 25°C.

Therefore, the temperature of the seedbed greenhouse should be controlled at 24-26℃ during the day within 3-5 days, preferably not more than 28℃; at night, it should be kept at 20-22℃, not lower than 16℃. A small arch shed can be set up in the greenhouse for insulation. In the hot season, cooling measures should be taken, such as shed building and ventilation. After 3-5 days, start to let in air to gradually lower the temperature.

(2) Moisture Moisture is the key to the success of grafting. It is required that the relative humidity in the small arch shed be controlled at 90% to 95% within 3 to 5 days. After 4 to 5 days, ventilation should be carried out to reduce temperature and humidity, but the relative humidity should also be maintained between 85% and 90%.

(3) Shading can be done by covering the small arch shed with paper quilts, straw curtains, etc., and do not shade it on cloudy days. Within 3 to 4 days after grafting, all light should be shaded. From the 4th day, light should be given in the morning and evening, and shaded at noon, and then the covering should be gradually removed. When the temperature is low, it can be exposed to light earlier to increase the temperature and promote wound healing; shade should be given at noon when the temperature is high. After about 10 to 15 days, the interface will be completely healed, and the fixing clips can be removed to resume daily management. Grafted seedlings and rootstocks often grow side buds, which should be wiped off in time on sunny mornings to prevent soil surface pathogens from infecting through the wounds.

6. Planting time: The grafted eggplant seedlings in the arch greenhouse are planted in late March; the grafted eggplant seedlings in the autumn greenhouse are planted in mid-September; the grafted eggplant seedlings in the winter-spring greenhouse are planted in mid-December.