Broad bean planting technology and cultivation techniques

I plan to plant some broad beans in the garden after the Chinese New Year, because my son likes to eat broad beans very much. So how should broad beans be planted?

1. Scientific layout and crop rotation.

Broad beans are leguminous crops, and rhizobia are suitable for neutral or slightly alkaline soil environments. If they are planted on the same land for many years, the organic acids secreted by the roots of broad beans will increase the acidity of the soil, affecting the reproduction of rhizobia and soil microorganisms. Broad beans grow poorly, the plants are weak, the pods are reduced, the diseases are aggravated, and the yield per unit area decreases by 20-30%. Therefore, broad bean production must adhere to crop rotation. Generally, broad beans can be planted in rotation with wheat and rapeseed every three years.

2. Sow seeds at the right time and plant them at a reasonable density.

The suitable sowing period for broad beans is from late October to early November. Before sowing, the land should be carefully prepared to make the soil clods fine and the soil surface flat. When sowing, the sowing density should be guaranteed. Generally, large-grain varieties with strong drought resistance and late maturity are suitable for planting in dry land, 4000-5000 stalks per mu, 2-3 seeds per stalk, and 7.5-9 kg of seeds per mu; small-grain varieties that mature early and have strong moisture resistance are suitable for planting in rice fields, 5000-6000 stalks per mu, 2-3 seeds per stalk, and 6-7.5 kg of seeds per mu. After sowing, the seeds should be covered with moist fire soil ash to facilitate germination.

3. Pay attention to phosphorus and potassium, and apply nitrogen fertilizer skillfully.

Phosphorus fertilizer can promote the activity of rhizobia, form more nodules, and enhance nitrogen fixation. Potassium fertilizer can make the stems strong and enhance the ability to resist diseases and lodging.

Generally, 20-30 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is applied per mu, and 500 kg of moist fire ash is used as seed covering fertilizer. The root nodules of broad bean seedlings are in the germination stage. The individuals are small and the number is small. The rhizobia are very active and the nitrogen fixation ability is poor. It should be combined with intertillage and 200-300 kg of human manure or 7.5-10 kg of ammonium carbonate per mu should be applied to promote the healthy growth of seedlings and facilitate the formation of nodules.

4. Top and prune to prevent and control diseases.

Broad bean topping is done twice. The first topping is done around the winter solstice to remove the main stem growth point to promote early branching and increase the number of effective branches. The second pruning is done when 30-40% of the plants begin to form the first pod. 2-3 cm of tender branches are removed to increase the pod setting rate by about 20%. The main diseases of broad beans are red spot and rust. High soil humidity and poor permeability between plant groups are the main reasons for the intensification of diseases.

Therefore, in addition to digging ditches for drainage, reducing field humidity and improving ventilation conditions, disease inspections should be carried out promptly in late March to early April of the following year. If the above-mentioned diseases are found, use 0.5 kg of quicklime and copper sulfate each per acre, and add 100 kg of water to make Bordeaux mixture. Spray on a sunny day, spray once every 8-10 days, and spray 2-3 times in a row to control the spread of the disease.