Early green broad bean planting technology

After winter comes spring, so how should we plant broad beans in spring? Here are some techniques for planting broad beans in spring:

1. Seed selection

Select seeds that are large and full, without spots, worm holes or mildew, resistant to diseases and insects, and resistant to lodging, suitable for the local area, high quality, early maturing, high yielding, and able to display the natural characteristics of this variety.

2. Land preparation and basal fertilizer application

Choose clay loam with deep tillage layer, rich in organic matter, good drainage and irrigation, and strong water and fertilizer retention. The suitable soil pH value is between 6.2 and 8. Lime should be applied appropriately when planting broad beans in soil with high acidity. Plough deep before sowing, dig furrows and make ridges with a width of 1m. Apply base fertilizer before plowing. Apply 25kg of compound fertilizer or 1000kg of manure plus 20kg of superphosphate and 5kg of potassium chloride per mu.

3. Sow at the right time



The local large-grain broad beans have the characteristics of vigorous growth, early maturity, strong disease resistance and strong adaptability. The appropriate sowing period is selected in different regions. In our county, the area with an altitude of 1250-1500m is suitable for sowing in mid-September, late September and early October. It is necessary to sow at the right time. If sowing is too early, there will be a lot of rain in the early stage, which is prone to root rot and insect pests, which are not good for the flowering and pod formation of broad beans. Attention should be paid to preventing diseases and pests; if sowing is too late, it will be affected by low temperature and drought in the later stage, and the pods will be poorly developed and the yield will be low; sowing during the period from the beginning of autumn to the end of summer is the best sowing period when light, temperature and rain are more suitable for the growth of autumn broad beans. In this way, it can be put on the market around the beginning of winter, with large market demand and high output value.

4 Reasonable density planting

Generally, 2,500 plants are planted per mu, i.e., row spacing is 1m, plant spacing is 25cm, and 1 seed is planted in each hole. The sowing depth is controlled at about 3cm. You can use a line to sow seeds, and the seed depth in the soil is 3-4cm. Appropriate deep sowing can promote root development, nutrient absorption, and wind resistance and prevent lodging. You can also sow seeds in alternate rows according to the stubble.

5. Scientific fertilization

The principle of fertilization is: heavy basal fertilizer, increased phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer according to seedlings, and topdressing in batches. The basal fertilizer is generally 1000-1500kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 20kg of phosphate fertilizer per mu, covered with fire soil ash. Topdressing should be timely and appropriate. When the seedlings grow 3-4 leaves, combine with inter-cultivation, use 100g of urea plus 20kg of water or decomposed light human and animal urine for irrigation. On the basis of sufficient basal fertilizer, 5kg of urea, 10-15kg of superphosphate, and about 10kg of potassium chloride are applied per mu during the seedling stage, and foliar topdressing is carried out according to the seedlings in the later stage. Investigate the growth of broad beans. For weak seedlings, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied as appropriate, with 5kg urea per mu mixed with water for pouring; for those that are not growing well during the bud stage, apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in appropriate amounts, with 5kg superphosphate and 3kg potassium sulfate per mu mixed with water for pouring, "using phosphorus to increase nitrogen, retaining potassium to increase production", making the stems strong, the branches and leaves lush, promoting photosynthesis, and stabilizing pods and strengthening seeds. When broad beans bloom and set pods, apply compound fertilizers, decomposed human feces or wood ash every 10 days or so, and combine fertilization with pinching. Reduce the drop of flowers and pods and apply foliar topdressing, spray 0.2‰ molybdenum fertilizer or 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

6. Timely drainage and irrigation

Broad beans are drought-tolerant during the seedling stage, but they require moist soil conditions throughout their growth period, especially during the flowering period, when they need more water. Timely irrigation is necessary. During the seedling stage, pay attention to drainage on rainy days to keep the furrows free of water.

7. Timely pruning, debranching and pinching

(1) Remove the main stem. Remove the main stem in time to concentrate nutrients on the secondary stems, which will promote more flowering and fruiting of broad beans. The method is to cut the main stem 10 cm above the ground with a knife.

(2) Remove ineffective branches. The branches that grow after the beginning of spring rarely bloom and compete with effective branches for light, water and fertilizer. When broad beans first bloom, remove some small and tender branches to promote concentrated fertilizer use and increase yield.

(3) Remove the top of the bean. The flower is a short lateral raceme that blooms for 20-30 days. When flowering and pod-forming, nutrients cannot be concentrated to meet the needs of flowering and pod-forming, which often leads to flower and pod drop, and the formation of sterile flowers at the top of the branches. Therefore, timely removal of the top of the bean can control the growth of the plant, ensure the nutritional growth needs of flowering and pod-forming, and increase the yield and value. When removing the main stem and ineffective branches, it should be done on a sunny day and the action should be gentle.

(4) Disease and pest control: Large-grain broad beans have large leaves with tender green color, and are easily damaged by aphids. It is necessary to take timely measures to prevent and control them.