Key points and environment of kidney bean cultivation technology

What issues should be paid attention to when cultivating kidney beans? Let me tell you about it today:

Kidney bean environmental conditions

1. Temperature: Kidney beans are suitable for planting in temperate and tropical high-altitude areas. They are relatively cold-resistant and avoid high temperatures. They will only freeze when the temperature is below 5 degrees, and the above-ground parts will die in frost. Growth and development requires areas with a frost-free period of more than 120 days. The most suitable germination temperature is 20-25℃, and the suitable growth temperature is 18-20℃. Pollination and fruiting are difficult above 30 or below 15. It is particularly suitable for planting in the plateau mountainous areas of Yunnan.

2. Light: It is a self-pollinating, short-day crop that likes plenty of sunlight. The shorter the daylight hours and the more sunlight there is, the earlier the kidney beans will bloom, set pods, and mature. On the contrary, if the daylight hours are extended and the sunlight is insufficient, the kidney beans will bloom, set pods, and mature later, and the branches and leaves will grow too long, or even fail to bloom and set pods.

3. Water: Kidney beans require relatively sufficient and uniform water throughout the entire growth period, and the flowering and pod-setting period is the period when the most water is needed. If there is a lack of water at this time, the yield will be greatly affected. In Yunnan and Guizhou, natural rainfall can usually meet the requirements, and irrigation is not required.

4. Soil: Kidney beans have a well-developed root system and are suitable for planting in medium-loam soil with deep soil layer and good drainage. They are not suitable for heavy clay and poorly drained soil. The soil pH should be neutral or slightly acidic.

Characteristics of kidney bean cultivation technology

The kidney bean is a thermophilic plant. The suitable temperature for growth is 15-25℃, and the suitable temperature for flowering and podding is 20-25℃. Low temperatures below 10℃ or high temperatures above 30℃ will affect growth and normal pollination and podding. It is a short-day plant, but most varieties are not strict about the length of daylight, and the cultivation season is mainly restricted by temperature. It is cultivated in spring and summer in Northwest and Northeast China; in North China, the Yangtze River Basin and South China, it is sown in spring and autumn. Direct seeding or seedling transplanting are both possible. It is not strict about soil,

1. Seize the best season and sow at the right time. Sowing can be done when the soil temperature is 10 degrees, generally from April to June, with a sowing rate of 6.5-8 kg per mu and a sowing depth of 10-15 cm.

2. Apply sufficient base fertilizer and topdressing at the right time. Apply about 1,500 kg of agricultural fertilizer per mu, and 40-50 kg of compound fertilizer (30 kg of phosphorus fertilizer, 10-15 kg of potassium fertilizer) as base fertilizer. Topdressing: Apply compound fertilizer twice at the beginning of flowering and pod-setting stage, 10-15 kg per mu each time.

3. Reasonable density planting. Single or double ridges are required for high-moisture cultivation, with a row spacing of 0.8-1 meter and a plant spacing of 0.35-0.45 meters. 2-3 seeds are sown per pond, 1500-2200 ponds per mu. It can be pure planted or interplanted with corn and potato (2:1, 4:1).

4. Build a trellis and remove the top. Build a trellis when the main stem is 30-40 cm high or 5-6 true leaves appear, and the trellis height should be more than 2 meters; remove the tops when the plant is about 50 cm high. By removing the new branches many times, the plant will form a low shrub, reduce the height, and increase the number of flowers and pods.

5. Take timely measures to prevent and control pests and diseases (wilt disease, powdery mildew, viral disease, aphids, bean pod borers, red spiders, and mung bean weevils).