Cultivation technology of Pleurotus geesteranus at high temperature

Oyster mushroom is a very small fungus food with a very delicious taste. So how to cultivate it under high temperature? Today I will tell you how to cultivate Oyster mushroom under high temperature.

1. Determination of the cultivation season of Pleurotus geesteranus

The cultivation time is determined mainly based on market demand to determine the cultivation variety and cultivation time, and then combined with local climatic conditions. Generally, the cultivation time of Pleurotus geesteranus cultivation bags is 25-35 days. Cultivators should purchase or make various types of mushrooms according to the specific production conditions. In Hangzhou, the high-temperature Pleurotus geesteranus is scheduled to start making bags in April, and the mushrooms will start to grow in May, and can be harvested until the end of September and the beginning of October.

2. Formula of Pleurotus geesteranus culture medium

(1) Cottonseed hull 93%, bran 5%, light calcium carbonate 1%, sugar 1%;

(2) 45% cottonseed hulls, 40% sawdust, 10% bran, 1% sugar, 2% light calcium carbonate, and 2% gypsum powder;

(3) Miscellaneous wood chips 75%, bran 10%, corn flour 5%, rice sugar 8%, light calcium carbonate 1%, sugar 1%.

All raw materials must be fresh, pollution-free and odor-free.

Before using, the mixed sawdust needs to be fermented: first pass through a 2.-4 mesh sieve to remove impurities; then build a pile with a bottom width of 5-8 meters, a height of 1.8-2 meters, and an unlimited length, in the shape of a turtle back; sprinkle a small amount of lime powder on the surface of the sawdust, spray water evenly, and ferment naturally. After 5-6 days, the temperature in the pile rises to about 60℃, and the first pile turning is carried out. The position of the sawdust inside and outside and above and below is reversed to achieve uniform fermentation; then turn the pile 3 more times at intervals of 6-5-4 days. The entire sawdust fermentation process takes about 25 days, and the sawdust is dark brown and has a certain fragrance before it can be used.

3. Preparation and cultivation of Pleurotus geesteranus mushroom bags

(1) Before loading the raw materials, all the raw materials should be mixed with water and evenly mixed, and then covered and stacked for 24 hours to allow the raw materials to absorb water evenly and soften. This can prevent the bags from being punctured during bagging and causing contamination during the fungus period.

(2) Since Pleurotus geesteranus is more suitable for wall cultivation, polypropylene plastic bags of 17X33X0.05 cm are usually used, with each bag weighing 400-500 grams of dry material. Mechanical or human damage should be avoided when bagging, and the tightness should be appropriate.

(3) When mixing the materials, the moisture content should be controlled at 60%-65%. When holding the materials tightly in the hand, 3-4 drops of water drip from the fingers. After releasing the hand, the materials remain round and fall to the ground loosely without forming clumps.

(4) Sterilization must be thorough and inoculation must be carried out strictly under aseptic conditions. Each bag produces 40-50 bags of inoculum.

(5) Place the inoculated cultivation bags in a "well" shape in the culture room to cultivate bacteria in 4-6 layers, or place them on a culture rack to cultivate bacteria. During the cultivation period, the temperature of the pile should be checked frequently to prevent the bacteria from being burned by high temperature. If the temperature of the pile is lower than 20℃, try to increase the temperature. Pay attention to controlling the temperature of the pile at around 25℃. The culture room must be well ventilated, with fresh air, and prevent direct sunlight.

(6) During the fermentation period, the bags must be checked regularly and those that are contaminated by foreign bacteria or have not eaten the material must be cleaned out in a timely manner.

4. Mushroom production management

After 25-35 days of cultivation, the mycelium will cover the entire bag. Continue to cultivate for 5-7 days. When the mycelium at the bag mouth spits out yellow water or mushroom buds appear, it indicates that the mycelium has reached physiological maturity and can be immediately transferred to the mushroom room (shed) for mushroom management.

(1) Disinfection of mushroom house (shed)

About 10 days before the mushroom bags are transferred to the mushroom shed, the environment of the shed should be treated: first use 800-1000 times diluted DDT plus 1000 times diluted cypermethrin to kill insects and mites, then ventilate for a week, and then sprinkle quicklime powder on the ground in the shed.

(2) Temperature control

After the physiologically mature mushroom bags are put into the greenhouse wall, the sealing ring and plastic can be scratched off, leaving 3 cm long, and covered with film for heat preservation and moisture retention. It is believed that the temperature difference in the greenhouse is increased, and the temperature difference is preferably 10-12℃, which promotes the differentiation of the fruiting body primordium. The temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 12-18℃; after most of the primordium appear, the temperature difference can be appropriately reduced and the temperature in the greenhouse is increased to 14-20℃. When the temperature in the greenhouse exceeds 25℃, cooling measures should be taken immediately; when the temperature is below 12℃, warming and insulation should be carried out. After each wave of mushrooms is harvested, the material surface should be cleaned up, and the dead mushrooms, mushroom roots, and debris should be removed, and the above method should be used to continue to control the temperature and fruiting.

(3) Humidity control

After the mushroom bags are put into the greenhouse and stacked on the wall, the air humidity in the greenhouse should be controlled at 85%-95%. If it exceeds 95%, ventilation and dehumidification must be carried out. If it is lower than 85%, water can be sprayed in the air according to the overall situation to achieve the purpose of maintaining air humidity. After picking mushrooms every day, water can be condensed in the form of fine mist on the surface of the mushroom bags and young buds. The specific water management should be determined according to the actual situation in the greenhouse. Generally, less water should be sprayed on rainy days, and more water can be sprayed on sunny days.

(4) Ventilation

Pleurotus geesteranus is an aerobic fungus, so sufficient oxygen should be given during the fruiting body growth stage. Poor ventilation often leads to the production of deformed mushrooms. However, ventilation must be coordinated with temperature and humidity. After each water spraying, ventilation must be carried out, otherwise it is very easy to cause high temperature and high humidity. The ventilation time depends on the specific conditions. The mushroom wall should not be too high. Generally, the mushroom bags on the wall are about 10 layers, which is conducive to air circulation.

(5) Light

Pleurotus geesteranus is not a photophilic mushroom, but after the fruiting body primordium differentiates, it is given appropriate light stimulation, and the intensity is generally controlled at 300-600LUX, so that the handwriting of the book can be clearly seen in the mushroom house (shed). Strong light is not easy to form primordium, or it will form fruiting bodies with thick and short stipes and difficult to open caps. Long-term placement in a dark mushroom house will seriously affect the formation of primordium.

(6) Post-harvest management

After picking the first wave of mushrooms, the surface should be cleaned up, dead mushrooms, mushroom roots, and debris should be removed, and the mushrooms should be sealed for 3-5 days before the next wave of mushrooms can be managed. After picking the second wave of mushrooms, nutrient solution can be added (the formula is: 50 kg of water, 1% ammonium sulfate, 0.3% urea, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.15% magnesium sulfate, 1% glucose, 30 ml each of triacontanol and mushroom growth hormone). After water injection, pay attention to heat preservation and moisture retention to allow the mycelium to fully recover.

5. Pest and disease control

During the mushrooming period of Pleurotus geesteranus, common fungi include green Trichoderma, Penicillium, Mucor, and red Neurospora. They should be detected and treated in time after inspection. The prevention and control of fungi mainly depends on ensuring the aseptic operation of inoculation. The culture room must be well ventilated, the air must be fresh, and the surrounding environment must be clean and tidy. In addition, 5% carbendazim powder 1000 times can be added to the culture medium to play a protective role.

The fruiting body growth stage may also cause insect pests, and mushroom mosquitoes and mushroom flies are serious hazards. In serious cases, 50% high-efficiency cypermethrin can be diluted 1000 times for prevention and control. The spraying time should be selected during the tide turning period to avoid the fruiting body from causing pesticide damage. During the spraying process, the front and back sides of the mushroom bag and the corners and periphery of the shed and room must be sprayed at the same time. It is best to do it at 1-3 pm in good weather. Do not spray water within 2-3 days after spraying to prolong the efficacy of the medicine.