Pharmacological effects of shiitake mushrooms Medical effects of shiitake mushrooms

Shiitake mushrooms are not only edible, but also can help us strengthen our bodies. It can be said that they have certain pharmacological effects. Today I will talk to you in detail:

1. Immunomodulatory effect

LINT has an immunomodulatory effect. It acts like a host immune enhancer, stimulating the maturation, differentiation and proliferation of key cells, improving the balance of the host body, and restoring or improving the responsiveness of host cells to lymphokines, hormones and other bioactive factors.

1.1 Effect on T lymphocytes LINT can promote the activity of T lymphocytes, improve the body's immune function, and has host-mediated anti-tumor and anti-viral effects. Animal experiments have confirmed that T lymphocyte-mediated cellular immunity plays an important role in the anti-tumor activity of LINT expression. LINT can make the body of tumor-bearing or infected organisms...

The immune response ability is improved, and its preparation can significantly promote the transformation of in vitro lymphocyte culture in animal in vivo screening experiments. Therefore, it is believed that LNT is a thymus-dependent T cell-directed immune adjuvant with the participation of macrophages. Its immune action is characterized by macrophages that recognize antigens in the spleen and liver, promote the production of lymphocyte activation factor (LAE), and release various helper T cell factors. It enhances the phagocytic rate of host peritoneal macrophages and restores or stimulates the function of helper T cells.

1.2 Effects on B lymphocytes In addition to host-mediated T lymphocyte immunity, LNT also regulates the body's immune function by affecting B lymphocytes. LNT can promote B cell proliferation and transformation into plasma cells, increase antibody production, and enhance humoral immunity. In animal experiments, LNT has the ability to promote B lymphocyte synthesis and IgM, and can increase the IgAC~ level of immunocompromised people, increasing the number of spleen antibody secreting cells and the number of specific rosette-forming cells.

1.3 Effect on macrophages LNT cannot activate macrophages in vitro, but it can enhance the responsiveness of macrophages to macrophage activating factor (MAF), especially in experiments with tumor-bearing mice with suppressed immune function. After LNT was applied to mice bearing K-type tumors, the responsiveness of macrophages to MAF was significantly enhanced, and the tumor inhibition activity reached 74.6%. LINT can proliferate and activate peritoneal macrophages in vivo, and can induce cytotoxicity of killing macrophages and antibody-dependent macrophages. Studies have shown that a few hours after LINT was injected into the host body, the levels of some biologically active serum factors such as acute phase protein inducing factor, vasodilation and hemorrhage inducing factor, interleukin I production inducing factor, interleukin III and colony stimulating factor reached a peak. These factors act on lymphocytes, hepatocytes, vascular endothelial cells and synovial fibroblasts to produce many effective immune responses, and at the same time, cause the precursor T cells in the thymus to mature, differentiate, proliferate and be released to the periphery. L1T1" can stimulate the activation of mouse peritoneal macrophages and release a large amount of NO. At the same time, the intracellular GSH content decreases with the increase of NO production, which has a certain correlation.

1.4 Effect on NK cells L1T1" cannot activate NK cells and induce the production of β-interferon in vitro, but it can enhance the activity of NK cells in the spleen and peritoneal cavity in vivo. L1T1" can increase the responsiveness of NK cells to certain serum factors, thereby stimulating key immune cells and accompanied by interferon secretion to achieve the effect of killing tumor cells.

Pharmacological effects of shiitake mushrooms

2 Anti-tumor effect

The results of the study showed that L1T1 has anti-tumor effects, especially in inhibiting and preventing postoperative micrometastasis of gastric cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, blood system tumors, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, colorectal cancer and breast cancer.

L1T1" has no direct killing effect on tumor cells, but mainly exerts its anti-tumor effect by enhancing the host's induction of activated macrophages and killer T cells, increasing NK cell activity and enhancing antibody-dependent macrophage cytotoxicity.

2.1 Experimental study In 1970, Japanese G0r0 Chihara et al. first isolated and extracted L1T1", and confirmed that it had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of mouse S-180 sarcoma. Since then, many scholars at home and abroad have conducted a lot of research on the anti-tumor effect of L1T1". The results show that L1T1" has a significant inhibitory effect on mouse S-180 sarcoma. When the dose is 0.5g/kg, 2g/kg, and 5g/kg, the tumor inhibition rate is 17%, 32%, and 42%, and the tumor inhibition rate is dose-dependent. Kunming mice were inoculated with ascites-type S-180 sarcoma and H22 hepatocytes, and L1T1" was injected intraperitoneally 24 hours later. Two weeks later, the tumor inhibition rates of 1.5ml/mouse and 2ml/mouse groups on S-180 were 43% and 47%, respectively, and the tumor inhibition rates on H22 were 29% and 40%, respectively. The two doses can prolong the survival of mice, and there is a significant difference compared with the control group. The combination of LIT1 and IIJ-2 can antagonize DBA/

2. Metastasis of MC.CS.T fibrosarcoma. The inhibitory effects of L1T1" or IL-2 alone on lung metastasis were 28.4% and 7.1% respectively before surgery, while the combination of the two had a synergistic effect with an inhibition rate of 85%. The inhibition rate of metastasis after surgery was 71%. L1T1" has the effect of enhancing the anti-tumor activity of tumor infiltrating cells (m). The killing activity of tumor infiltrating cells cultured with IL-2 plus L1T1" on autologous tumor cells, K562 and RaJi cells increased significantly with the extension of culture time. The maximum killing activity of the three target cells after 25 days of culture was 67.18±14.73, 71.25±15.86 and 66.15±15.07 respectively. The combination of L1T1" and IL-2 can also treat MBL-2 lymphoma and S908.D2 sarcoma.

2.2 Clinical studies L1W combined with a variety of treatment methods can significantly enhance the anti-tumor effect. Clinical experiments have confirmed that L1W combined with chemotherapy drugs can enhance the anti-tumor effect. L1W combined with chemotherapy can improve the efficacy of advanced gastric cancer, improve immune function and prolong survival. For patients with liver metastasis, pericardial metastasis, abdominal metastasis caused by gastric cancer and those who cannot undergo surgery, intravenous injection or thoracic and peritoneal perfusion treatment has achieved significant efficacy, which can reduce plasma carcinoembryonic antigen or serum alpha-fetoprotein after metastasis in logarithmic form, and significantly or completely disappear the primary cancer and liver metastasis..., completely disappear the pleural effusion of patients with pericardial metastasis complicated by tumor pleurisy, and significantly reduce the primary tumor; for gastric cancer that cannot be surgically removed, L1W is first used with chemotherapy to significantly reduce the tumor, and then a total gastrectomy is performed. Histological examination of the resected stomach found that the tumor tissue has undergone significant degeneration, which also shows that the efficacy of L1W in the adjuvant treatment of gastric cancer is positive. The treatment of breast cancer with LlTl" is similar to that of gastric cancer. l_Nr has a good adjuvant therapeutic effect on patients with primary liver cancer. It can relieve symptoms, reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy drugs, improve the low immune function of patients, and prevent cancer cell metastasis. After the Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences used LlTl" to treat 30 patients with liver cancer, the improvement rate of major symptoms was 82.8%, and the reduction of liver cancer enlargement accounted for 66.7%, with satisfactory short-term efficacy. Five cases had alpha-fetoprotein close to normal, and three cases reached normal. No obvious toxic side effects were observed during the clinical period. l_Nr was used in combination with chemotherapy drugs to treat 64 cases of advanced lung cancer. The total remission rate of the combined drug group was 66.6%, and that of the chemotherapy group alone was 52.9%, with significant differences between the two groups. NLT has a good effect on malignant pleural effusion complicated by lung cancer, with a total effective rate of 89.6% and mild toxic and side effects [l0]. The combination of l_Nr and chemotherapy drugs has a good effect on metastatic cancers such as liver metastasis of gastric cancer and lung metastasis of breast cancer. The volume of metastatic cancer is reduced after administration.

LNT can restore the erythropenia caused by chemotherapy. The leukocyte count will decrease one day after the administration of the chemotherapy drug 5-fluorouracil. LNT can stimulate the recovery and rebound of neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes and macrophages, thereby quickly restoring the patient's leukocyte decrease. The results of the study showed that LNT can be used as a response regulator to enhance the cell activity and cellular immune function of patients with acute myeloid leukemia, as well as improve the effect of chemotherapy.

3 Antiviral effect

Studies have shown that LNT has a therapeutic effect on viral infections, including HIV infection. LNT has an inhibitory effect on hepatitis virus, herpes zoster virus, Abels0n virus, A2 (H2N2) virus, adenovirus type 12 and influenza virus.

Clinical application found that LNT treatment of chronic viral hepatitis can increase the patient's appetite and weight; symptoms such as fatigue, abdominal distension, and liver pain disappear; promote the return of gamma and bilirubin to normal, with a total effective rate of 90%. Chronic hepatitis B patients have a decrease in CD4 cells, an increase in C0s cells, a decrease in the CD4/C0s ratio, and insufficient expression of IJ-2 receptors. After LNT treatment, peripheral blood T cell subsets changed, CD4 cells increased, C04/C0s ratio increased, and IJ-2 receptor expression also increased significantly, indicating that LNT can increase CD4 cells and IJ-2 receptor expression, enhance cellular immune function, and is beneficial to the clearance of infected hepatocytes and the recovery of hepatocytes. Du Jianxia et al. reported that LNT combined with scutellaria baicalensis granules was used for a course of 8 weeks. The control group used scutellaria baicalensis granules alone. Results: The naeAg negative conversion rates in the treatment group and the control group were 37.5% and 6.0%, respectively, and the anti-HBe positive rates were 19.2% and 4.7%, respectively. There were statistical differences in

Some scholars have used LNT combined with laser to treat condyloma acuminatum. After one course of treatment, the ratio of C04/C0s cells in T lymphocyte subsets and serum interleukin-2 levels increased, and the level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor decreased, which means that LNT has a strong regulatory effect on the cellular immune function of patients with condyloma acuminatum [1]. Studies have also found that the combination of LNT and azidothymidine (AZT) can effectively inhibit the expression of HIV antigens, and after sulfation, it can also inhibit the formation of syncytial cells caused by HIV. In recent years, there have been reports that LNT derivatives can be used as drugs for the treatment of AIDS.

4 Other functions

In addition to the following pharmacological effects, LNT also has many other effects. It is reported that LNT has therapeutic effects on parasites, molds, bacteria and other infections. For example, LNT can be used to treat tuberculosis infection, Schistosoma mansoni infection, Schistosoma japonicum infection and Lemania infection. He Hanlin reported that in the treatment of patients with refractory and retreated pulmonary tuberculosis, the addition of LNT and Fuzheng Nuzhensu to chemotherapy drugs can significantly improve the patient's immune level, improve liver function, reduce or avoid adverse drug reactions, and the sputum bacteria conversion rate and clinical total effective rate are significantly better than those of the control group, indicating that it can improve the immune status of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, increase the cure rate, and achieve better treatment effects. LNT has anti-aging and anti-radiation effects, and has the effect of preventing experimental hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. In clinical practice, LNT is also used to treat recurrent respiratory tract infections in children, diabetes, psoriasis vulgaris, scleroderma, facial flat warts, genital warts, etc. It has been reported that LNT also has antioxidant effects, but the author has not retrieved research data in the past ten years.

In short, Lentinan has a wide range of pharmacological effects, good therapeutic effects, and few toxic and side effects. It is a natural medicine with broad application prospects.