Field management of broad beans

Broad bean is an annual or biennial leguminous herb, currently cultivated all over the country. Here is an introduction to the cultivation of broad bean:

Land Selection

Broad beans are adaptable to a wide range of soils, but in order to achieve high quality and high yield, you should still choose clay loam or sandy loam with an organic matter content of more than 1.5%, a deep soil layer, and good drainage to obtain an ideal harvest. Broad beans cannot be planted continuously, as continuous planting will reduce the yield sharply. They must be rotated with non-leguminous plants for more than 3 years, and rice fields also need to be separated by one year.

Field management

Broad bean seeds are large and have strong water absorption capacity. In areas with little rain and dry soil in autumn and winter, sufficient water should be supplied 1 to 2 days after sowing to promote early germination and early seedlings. Before winter, when the seedlings grow to 3 to 4 true leaves, the nutrients stored in the bean seeds are exhausted, but the nodules have not yet formed. If the seedlings grow slowly and the leaves turn yellow, topdressing should be applied in time to promote early branching and more branches, so that the early growth is good. 750 kg of human and animal feces and urine or about 10 kg of ammonium sulfate can be applied per mu.

Broad beans have strong drought tolerance in the seedling stage, but weak drought tolerance in the middle stage. The flowering stage is the critical period of drought. Irrigation in drought-prone areas can significantly increase production. Therefore, autumn sowing, intertillage and soil conservation in the early spring of the second year, and watering during the flowering stage are the keys to increasing production. Before buds and flowering, start to water in small amounts, and combine watering with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers to accelerate vegetative growth and promote branching. Then loosen the soil to conserve moisture. When the pods at the base have settled, the amount of water can be slightly larger, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can be applied. When the number of pods is stable and the growth of the plants slows down, reduce the amount of water to prevent lodging. Intertillage should be carried out before the rows are closed during the seedling stage to enhance the water retention and permeability of the soil and create good conditions for the development of the root system and nodules. At the same time as intertillage, weeding, soil cultivation, ridge preparation, and ditch clearing should be combined to facilitate drainage and irrigation. If potassium fertilizer is added during soil cultivation, the cold resistance of the plants can be improved.

Broad beans are more tolerant of moisture and salt than peas, and can be intercropped on the ridges of paddy fields. However, if the soil is too wet, damping-off and rust are likely to occur. They grow well in moist and fertile clay loam that is rich in organic matter and has strong water and fertilizer retention capabilities.

The number of flowers and pods on the main stem of autumn-sown broad bean plants is less than the number of pods on the 1-2 branches at the base, and the fruit set rate is also low. Therefore, removing the top of the main stem and a small amount of flower pods can improve the nutritional status of the body, increase the number of branches and flower pods, prolong the flowering period, and increase the fruit set rate.

Nearly half of the branches of broad bean plants are ineffective branches with no buds, no flowers, and no fruits. Too many branches will cause the plant to grow too vigorously, consume more nutrients, and limit the increase in yield. Reasonable pruning can improve field ventilation and light conditions, reduce pest damage and excessive consumption of nutrients, regulate the rational distribution of nutrients inside the plant, ensure good nutrition of buds, flowers, and pods, improve fruit setting rate, increase grain weight and promote early maturity.

When the compound leaves consisting of 6 to 7 leaflets of broad beans appear (around the 16th node), it is a sign that sterile flowers begin to form. You can pinch off the stems around the 16th node by pinching off 3 to 6 cm of the top of the stem. Pinching off the stems should be done on a sunny day to avoid rot as the wounds will not heal easily on cloudy days.

Cultivation points

2. Sowing at the right time: Broad beans are cold-resistant and can be sown from late February to mid-March. Before sowing, deep plow the soil and apply appropriate basal fertilizer to make a flat bed 1 meter wide. Plant two rows in each bed, dig holes in the bed, the hole depth is 6-9 cm, the hole distance is about 20 cm, sow 2-3 seeds in each hole, and level the bed surface.

4. Intertillage and pruning: After the broad bean seedlings emerge, the seedlings should be checked and the gaps should be filled. During the seedling stage, multiple intertillage and weeding should be carried out, and the soil should be raised to the plant part to prevent lodging. Broad beans have a strong branching ability. In the later stage, the branches have few pods and are easy to cause field closure. In production, the excess side branches should be broken off and the growth points should be removed in time to reduce nutrient consumption, increase the pod setting rate, and promote full beans and uniform maturity.

5. Harvest at the right time: Harvest young pods of broad beans in batches, from bottom to top, once every 7-8 days. Harvest mature seeds when the leaves fall and the middle and lower pods are fully mature, dry, thresh and store.

Prevention and treatment methods

(1) Strengthen field management. Irrigate in time during droughts; drain and drain water in time during rainy seasons; rotate crops properly and do not apply nitrogen fertilizers indiscriminately; plant crops at a reasonable density to ensure good ventilation and light transmission in the field, improve the disease resistance of the plants, and reduce diseases. When sowing, mix 150 grams of 50% carbendazim with fine soil per mu to cover the seeds.

Kind tips

Broad beans can be used to treat drunkenness. Fry the sprouts with oil and salt, add water to make soup and pour it into the drunk person's mouth. The effect is good.