Turmeric

Introduction

Nature and flavor: sweet, bitter, cool, poisonous.

Efficacy: Detoxification and swelling, clearing the lungs and relieving cough, promoting dampness and relieving stranguria, unblocking meridians and relieving pain.

Indications: Used for carbuncles and furuncle in the early stage before rupture, acute suppurative skin infection, soft tissue injury, bee stings and insect bites.

Dosage and Administration: Apply an appropriate amount externally, mash and apply to the affected area.

Excerpt: National Compendium of Chinese Herbal Medicines

Contraindications: Do not use if the skin is broken or pus has formed.

Tip: This species is a poisonous plant included in the Chinese Plant Atlas Database. Its toxicity is reflected in the folk belief that the rhizomes have a nourishing effect, but excessive consumption can cause poisoning symptoms such as dizziness and blurred vision; the crushed rhizomes can be poisonous to fish.

Prescription: Yellow ginger is used to treat various acute suppurative skin infections, soft tissue injuries, bee stings, and appendicitis: 2-3 liang of fresh Dioscorea zingiberensis rhizome, grind it into powder and mix it with an appropriate amount of vaseline, apply it to the affected area once a day; it can also be mixed with an appropriate amount of chrysanthemum leaves, coptis root or sophora flavescens, and applied externally. (Selected Works of the Complete Exhibition, Surgery)

Nutritional value of turmeric

The rhizome of Dioscorea zingiberensis contains 1.1% to 16.15% diosgenin, about 45% starch, 40% cellulose, and some water-soluble glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoid glycosides, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, pigments and other chemical components. Liu Jianben et al. conducted a study on the extraction and properties of pigments in the rhizome of Dioscorea zingiberensis. The results showed that Dioscorea pigments have a strong absorption effect on ultraviolet rays, good heat resistance and light resistance, and the three metal ions Fe3+, Cu2+, and Hg2+ have a certain color enhancement effect on the pigments. Acids and alkalis have a greater impact on the pigments, which provides a new way for comprehensive utilization. Diosgenin consists of two parts: sugar and aglycone. In order to locate the saponin, Guo Yongbing and others divided the rhizome of Dioscorea zingiberensis into five sections and studied the distribution of diosgenin. They found that the diosgenin content was highest at the top of the tender stem, followed by the stem section, then the tender stem section, then the old stem section and the bottom section, and the content in the fibrous roots and the base of the aboveground stem was very low. Diosgenin is also known as saponin. It is the raw material for synthesizing more than 300 steroid hormones and contraceptives in the world.

Liu Chenglai, Chen Yanyong and others used thin layer chromatography (different developing agents) and paper chromatography to separate and extract Dioscorea zingiberensis. As a result, two water-insoluble trisaccharide saponins and two water-soluble tetrasaccharide saponins were separated from the rhizomes. They were analyzed and identified by acetylation, acid hydrolysis, enzymolysis, gram molecular optical rotation difference calculation, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, hydrogen spectrum, carbon spectrum and other methods. They were ① epi-epismilagenin and ② trillin, with the structure of 3-O-(tail-D-glucopyranose)- Diosgenin [3-O-(tail-D-glucopyromosyl)-diosgenin], ③ diosgenin-diglucoside, the structure is 3-0-[tail-D-glucopyranosyl (1→4)-tail-D-glucopyranosyl]-diosgenin {3-O-[tail-D-glucopyranosyl (1→4)-tail-D-glucopyranosyl]-diosgenin} ④ Gracillin, the structure of which is four steroidal compounds: 3-O-{tail-D-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-[aL-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)]-tail-D-glucopyranosyl}-diosgenin. It is speculated to be a secondary saponin based on its chemical structure.

In order to study the original saponins of Dioscorea zingiberensis and explore its activity, in 1985 they separated the methanol extract of fresh rhizomes by dry column method and obtained five steroidal substances, namely ⑤ diosgenin palmitate, ⑥ tail-sitosterol, gracillin, ⑦ protogracillin and ⑧ protozingiberensissaponin. Among them, protozingiberensissaponin is a newly discovered compound. The structures of the two protosaponins were identified as ⑦3-O-{tail-D-glucose pyranose (1→3)-[aL-rat 3-O-{aL-rhamnopyranose(1→3)-[tail-D-glucopyranose(1→2)]-tail-D-glucopyranose}-26-O-{tail-D-glucopyranose}-diosgenin and ⑧3-O-{aL-rhamnopyranose(1→3)-[tail-D-glucopyranose(1→2)]-tail-D-glucopyranose}-26-O-{tail-D-glucopyranosyl}-diosgenin {3-O-{aL-rhamnopynosyl(1→3)-[tail-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)]- D-tail-glucopyranosyl}-26-O-{tail-D-glucopyranosyl}-diosgenin}.

Tang Shirong, Wu Yufen and others isolated two water-insoluble trisaccharide saponins (A and B) and two water-soluble tetrasaccharide saponins (C and D) from the root of Dioscorea zingiberensis. ⑨A is a new saponin, tentatively named zingiberenin A, with a structure of diosgenin-3-O-[tail-D-glucopyranose (1→2)]-O-[aL-rhamnopyranose (1→3)]-O-tail-D-glucopyranoside, ⑩B is a slender saponin isomer, ⑾C is protozingiberenin A, and ⑿D is protozingiberenin B. Tang Shirong and Jiang Zhidong obtained four saponins mainly containing zingiberosides, namely zingiberoside A1, A2, A3 and zingiberoside IV, from the aerial parts of Dioscorea zingiberoides by extraction, decolorization, silica gel column chromatography and reverse phase column chromatography. The first three are new compounds, namely ⒀ zingiberoside-3-O-[aL-rhamnopyranose (1→2)]-tail-D-glucose pyranoside, ⒁ hydroxy zingiberoside-3-O-[aL-rhamnopyranose (1→2)]-tail-D-glucose pyranoside, ⒂ zingiberoside-3-O-{aL-rhamnopyranose (1→2)-[tail-D-glucose pyranoside (1→4)]}-tail-D-glucose pyranoside. The aglycone of the genus is a new steroidal sapogenin, named zingiberogenin. The fourth is ⒃yam sapogenin-3-O-{aL-rhamnopyranose (1→2)-[tail-D-glucopyranose (1→3)]}-tail-D-glucopyranoside. This is different from the saponins in the underground part, which mainly contain diosgenin.

The efficacy and effects of turmeric

Detoxification and swelling. Used for carbuncle and furuncle in the early stage before rupture, acute suppurative skin infection, soft tissue injury, bee sting and insect bite.

Turmeric is used as medicine in its rhizome. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that it is sweet, bitter and cool in nature. It has the functions of clearing the lungs and relieving cough, promoting dampness and relieving stranguria, unblocking meridians and relieving pain, detoxifying and reducing swelling. It can treat lung heat cough, damp-heat stranguria pain, rheumatism and low back pain, carbuncles, ulcers, sprains, bee stings and insect bites. It also has the effects of treating acute suppurative skin infections, soft tissue injuries, and lowering blood lipids. It also has pharmacological effects such as lowering cholesterol, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor.

There are many chemical components in Dioscorea zingiberensis. Dioscin is rich in Dioscoreaceae plants. It has expectorant, desensitizing, anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, and anti-tumor effects. After oral administration of dioscin, diosgenin produced by intestinal flora metabolism is the real active ingredient, and it is also an important raw material for the synthesis of steroid hormone drugs. Therefore, the application prospects of crude drugs containing such ingredients are very broad.

Side effects and contraindications of turmeric

Avoid using turmeric if the skin is broken or pus has formed.

How to make delicious turmeric

1. Turmeric Fried Seafood Rice

Material:

6 dried scallops, 100g fresh shrimp, 100g herring meat, half an onion, 500g overnight rice, 6-10g turmeric powder, and salt to taste.

practice:

(1) Preparation of ingredients.

(2) Soak the dried scallops in warm water until soft.

(3) Remove the shrimp intestines, mud and skin.

(4) Wash and slice the herring, cut the onion into strips/cubes, dice the scallops, and peel and leave the tails of the shrimps.

(5) Heat the pan, add 15g of oil and sauté onions.

(6) Then add the fish fillets, diced scallops, and shrimp.

(7) Stir-fry until the shrimp changes color.

(8) Serve and set aside.

(9) Put the pot back in the oven, add 20g of oil and add the rice.

(10) Stir-fry over low heat until the rice is evenly distributed without any lumps. Then add the turmeric powder and stir-fry evenly.

(11) Then add the fried fish and onions into the rice.

(12) Continue to stir-fry until evenly mixed, then add appropriate amount of salt.

2. Turmeric bitter bean flower rolls

Material:

All-purpose flour (250 grams), soybean flour (6 grams), fine sugar (25 grams), turmeric (appropriate amount), bitter beans (appropriate amount), salad oil (appropriate amount), yeast (3 grams), baking powder (4 grams), water (110 grams).

practice:

(1) Mix flour, soybean powder, fine sugar, yeast and baking powder. Slowly add water and mix until it becomes a snowflake-like shape.

(2) Shape the dough into dough, cover with a damp cloth and let it rest for 40 minutes (15 minutes in summer).

(3) Roll the dough into a rectangle and brush it with oil.

(4) Sprinkle turmeric powder on each layer.

(5) Sprinkle with bitter bean powder.

(6) Roll up the dough into long strips, and then cut into pieces of similar size.

(7) Use chopsticks to make a line in the middle of the dough.

(8) Fold upwards along the fold line, then fold back and knead to form the flower roll.

(9) Boil water in a steamer and add the steamed buns. Steam for 15 minutes. Turn off the heat and open the lid slowly after one minute to prevent them from sinking.

3. Turmeric and lean meat soup

raw material:

20 grams of fresh turmeric, 100 grams of lean meat, and a little salt.

practice:

First, clean the turmeric and cut it into small pieces. Set aside. Clean the lean meat and cut it into small pieces. Put the two ingredients into the pot and add appropriate amount of water. Stew over low heat until the meat is tender. Season with a small amount of salt. Eat the meat and drink the soup.

Medicinal food effects:

This product is suitable for amenorrhea or postpartum abdominal pain, uremia, qi disorder, nausea and dizziness, abdominal distension and constipation.

4. Orange peel and turmeric soup

raw material:

6 grams of orange peel and 15 grams of turmeric.

practice:

First, wash the orange peel and turmeric with clean water. Put them together in a pot, add appropriate amount of clean water, simmer for one hour over low heat, and drink the soup.

Medicinal food effects:

This product has the effects of resolving phlegm, lowering lipids and activating blood circulation.

Medicinal value of turmeric

Turmeric is also called Dioscorea zingiberensis and Fire Head Root. It has the effects of detoxifying and reducing swelling, clearing the lungs and relieving cough, promoting dampness and relieving stranguria, and dredging meridians and relieving pain. Turmeric can treat lung heat cough, damp-heat stranguria pain, rheumatic low back pain, carbuncles, ulcers, bee stings and insect bites.

1. Turmeric has hemolytic effect: Dioscin is a steroidal saponin. When the aqueous solution of steroidal saponin comes into contact with blood, it will destroy red blood cells to varying degrees and produce hemolysis. Therefore, saponins and herbal medicines containing saponins cannot be used for intravenous injection.

2. Yellow ginger has anti-aging effects: Appropriate doses of yam alcohol extract and Dioscorea zingiberensis saponins can significantly reduce the levels of plasma LPO and liver LF in aged mice. Because the current research on the relationship between free radicals and aging often uses the levels of plasma LPO and tissue LF, the metabolites of body aging, as indicators of aging, the test results show that yam and Dioscorea zingiberensis have certain anti-aging effects.

3. Turmeric has anti-tumor effects: HuKe et al. reported that prosaponin A of diosgenin, diosgenin and scutellaria baicalensis had cytotoxic effects on the tumor cell line K562 in vitro.

4. Turmeric has the effect of killing snails.

5. Turmeric has the effect of preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases.