Key points of cultivation technology of straw mushroom in summer

Today I will tell you the key points of summer mushroom cultivation technology:

1. Build the bed and set up the shed

Choose a sandy loam with good ventilation, convenient water supply, easy drainage, and rich in organic matter as the cultivation site. Remove weeds, turn the soil, and spray concentrated lime water to kill pests in the soil. Make an east-west ridge, 1 meter wide and unlimited length. Dig trenches around the ridge to facilitate drainage and irrigation. Build an arch shed with bamboo strips on the ridge, with a height of 0.7 to 0.8 meters, cover the shed with plastic film, and press the plastic film with soil around it.

2. Prepare the base material

There are many suitable culture media for the growth of straw mushrooms, and cottonseed hulls are the best culture media. The formula is: 95% cottonseed hulls, 5% lime, and the amount of water added is 1.8 times the weight of the dry material. Before cultivation, the culture media should be mixed evenly according to the formula requirements and piled up for fermentation for 5 to 7 days. The fermentation method is: after adding water to the material and mixing it evenly, it is piled into a long pile of about 1 meter wide and 60 to 70 cm high. The length is not limited, and a small amount can also be piled into a round pile. Use a wooden stick with a diameter of 3 to 4 cm to punch oblique holes around both sides of the pile to the bottom of the pile. The spacing between the holes is 10 cm for ventilation. Insert a thermometer on the pile to observe the temperature of the pile. After 2 to 3 days, the temperature of the pile can rise to above 55°C, and then the first pile turning can be carried out. The method of turning the pile is to turn the inner material to the outside, and the outer material to the inside, and then ferment. After 1 day, the temperature of the material rises to about 60°C again, and then the second pile turning is carried out. Generally, turning the pile three times can achieve the purpose of full fermentation.

3. Paving and sowing

The fermented cottonseed husks are transported to the bed and arranged in waves, with a width of about 30 cm, a wave height of 12-14 cm, and a trough depth of 1-1.5 cm. The sowing method can be layer sowing, hole sowing or mixed sowing. The top layer should be sown in large quantities, preferably accounting for 50% of the sowing amount. Then cover it with plastic film, and then cover the plastic film on the small arch shed with straw mats.

IV. Management Measures

⑴ Pay attention to heat preservation. When the temperature is low, open the straw curtain at about 10 am on sunny days to increase the temperature, cover the straw curtain at about 4 pm to keep warm, and do not open the straw curtain on rainy and windy days. When the temperature is hot, it is necessary to cool down appropriately. When the temperature is high, the straw curtain cannot be opened at noon, and can only be opened in the morning and evening. In short, it should be noted that the temperature in the material generally cannot exceed 40℃, and the temperature on the surface of the material generally cannot exceed 36℃; when the material temperature is low, it should be kept warm as much as possible, and the material temperature should not be lower than 30℃. ⑵ Pay attention to moisture retention. If the temperature is dry, the soil and culture medium are dry, it is best to add water at noon to moisten the soil. The water surface in the ditch is below 1 cm from the bottom of the ridge. Generally, the water temperature should not be too low, preferably 28-35℃. ⑶ Pay attention to ventilation. Ventilate and exchange air every day in combination with checking the temperature. Increase the ventilation volume 3-5 days after sowing. Generally, the four corners of the plastic film are opened for ventilation twice, each time for about 1 hour. ⑷ Cover with soil. 5-7 days after sowing, the mycelium will cover the ridge. At this time, clean and fertile garden soil should be selected for covering. The soil layer should be controlled to be 1 to 1.5 cm thick. The water content of the soil should be controlled to the extent that it can be squeezed into a ball and can be dispersed when released. After covering the soil, the film must still be covered, and the film can be lifted after the mycelium grows on the soil layer.

5. Mushroom production management

When the mycelium is tangled, the mushroom production management begins. Attention should be paid to temperature control and moisture retention. Generally, watering is not allowed directly. Water should be poured into the ditch to make the soil moist and the culture medium absorb water to meet the needs of mushroom bud growth and development. The curtain should be opened to diffuse light to facilitate the development of the mushroom body.

6. Harvest at the right time

The mushrooms should be harvested when they grow to egg shape but have not broken the membrane. Harvesting too late will cause the mushrooms to open, which will reduce the commodity value. It is difficult to keep the harvested mushrooms fresh. In the high temperature season above 30℃, the mushroom egg opening rate can reach about 50% 4-5 hours after harvesting, so they should be handled in time. Fresh sales should be put on the market as soon as possible, and canned products should be processed in time.