Causes and prevention of premature aging of fruits and vegetables

What I am going to introduce to you below is how fruits and vegetables can prevent premature aging. I hope you like it.

Fruits and vegetables

Common symptoms of premature aging of fruiting vegetables such as eggplant, pepper, cucumber and tomato are: plant shrinkage, yellowing leaves, late fruit maturity, low yield, and in severe cases, premature death of the plant. The main causes of premature aging are high temperature, heavy rain and improper management. The main preventive technical measures are as follows.

1. Pick the buds at the right time

The main function of pinching is to prevent and control the leggy growth of crop plants, reduce excessive nutrient consumption, and promote more fruiting of plants. Practice has shown that timely and reasonable pruning of peppers can significantly increase the yield. The operation method is: after the first batch of peppers are picked, the pepper vines are in the resting stage. At this time, the 8 branches that grow above the 4 large branches growing near the base should be cut off. At the same time, water and fertilizer management should be strengthened, which can reduce the falling of flowers and fruits and increase the yield of peppers. Cucumbers should be pinched at about 25 leaves to promote the formation of returning melons, otherwise the nutrient transport will be blocked. Tomatoes should be pinched after the fourth ear of flowers has set the fruit. Do not pinch as soon as the fourth inflorescence blooms, and leave two leaves on the upper part of the ear to avoid premature aging of the root system and curling of the leaves at the bottom of the plant.

2. Remove old leaves

For all kinds of fruit and vegetable plants, the old, dead and diseased leaves at the bottom of the plants should be removed in time. This will not only reduce nutrient consumption, but also effectively control the spread and spread of diseases, promote ventilation and light transmission, lower the temperature, and promote the healthy growth of plants.

3. Harvest early

Fruit and vegetable vegetables are recommended to be harvested early. The best time to harvest tomatoes is when the top of the fruit turns red, peppers are harvested before the green fruit turns red, eggplants are harvested before the seeds turn brown and the appearance is shiny, and cucumbers can be harvested as soon as the seeds appear. This can reduce nutrient consumption and prevent premature aging of the plants.

4. Apply fertilizer in time

Applying fertilizers to fruit and vegetable crops at the right time can provide sufficient nutrients for the growth and development of plants, which is a key measure to prevent and control plant aging. The best time for topdressing is 1-2 times after the fruit is harvested. Combined with watering, topdressing with decomposed human feces and urine, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer can also be applied. For cucumbers and tomatoes, 15 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu, and 15 kg of urea per mu for eggplants, more fertilizer should be applied to peppers, about 18 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu, but the fertilizer needs to be dissolved in water for topdressing, and it is not suitable to apply it in holes, because peppers are afraid of damaging their roots.

5. Watering to cool down

In the hot summer, water can be irrigated appropriately according to the weather and soil moisture conditions to cool down the soil. Small amounts of water should be used frequently to prevent erosion of the ridges and damage to the plant roots. At the same time, after heavy rain, timely drainage and waterlogging prevention should be carried out to ensure the normal growth and development of the seedlings.

6. Disease prevention and pest control

For fruit and vegetable crops, attention should be paid to early and timely prevention and control of aphids and red spiders. Generally, 1500-2000 times diluted 5% cypermethrin, 5000-6000 times diluted 1.8% cypermethrin, or 4000 times diluted 10% imidacloprid can be used for prevention and control. Cucumber powdery mildew can be controlled with 800-1000 times diluted 70% thiophanate-methyl, or 1200 times diluted 25% triadimefon; cucumber downy mildew can be controlled with 300-400 times diluted 40% ethylene aluminum or 1000 times diluted 25%, with good results; tomato gray mold can be controlled with 600-800 times diluted 75% thiophanate-methyl, or 800-1000 times diluted 70% thiophanate-methyl; eggplant cotton blight can be sprayed with 600-800 times diluted 75% thiophanate-methyl, or 500 times diluted 50% captan in the early stage of the disease, spray once every 7-10 days, for a total of 3-4 times, and spray evenly on the leaves and fruits. This can effectively control the development of the disease.