Black Beauty Melon Planting

I believe many of my friends have bought and eaten black beauty melons in supermarkets or fruit stores, but do you know how to grow black beauty melons ? Let me introduce it to you.

Black Beauty Melon Planting

1. Variety selection:

1. New generation series of Black Beauty: The plant is strong and vigorous, with fine and juicy flesh; the fruit skin is dark green with spots, the fruit shape is oval, the skin is hard, and the storage and transportation capacity is strong; the quality is stable and the adaptability is strong; the yield is high, the seeds are small and black; the fruit weighs 4-6 kg, with excellent quality, good flavor, and not easy to be hollow.

2. New Trend Series Black Beauty: The first generation of cross-breeding improved Black Beauty watermelon, very early-maturing, strong plant growth, strong resistance, high yield, not easy to crack, short oval fruit, large and plump, 8-12 pounds, dark green peel with inconspicuous stripes, very beautiful appearance. The flesh is deep red, tender and juicy, with a sugar content of about 13 degrees. The quality of the tail fruit is still stable and sweet, the peel is thin and tough, and it is particularly resistant to storage and transportation.

2. Cultivation and management:

1. Sowing period: February to April for spring cropping and June to the end of August for autumn cropping are the best. The early growth period of spring cropping is in the low temperature period and the late growth period is in the high temperature period, while the opposite is true for autumn cropping. The number of days required for spring cropping is longer than that for autumn cropping, and the fruit shape is also larger and the flesh color is also darker. When sowing in the low temperature period, in order to prevent the cold, it is advisable to use a tunnel shed for heat preservation and seedling raising. When 1-2 true leaves are unfolded, they can be planted in the field.

2. Seed disinfection and germination sowing: In order to prevent the seeds from being attached with pathogens that affect seed germination and the spread of pests and diseases, it is best to disinfect the seeds before sowing. Watermelon seeds are generally soaked in 100 times formalin solution for 30 minutes, then picked up and washed with clean water to remove residual pesticides. In order to increase the germination rate of seeds and make them germinate quickly and uniformly, save the amount of seeds, avoid rodent damage, and avoid missing plants, germination sowing is generally used. Especially when sowing in low temperature periods, germination sowing is more suitable; the germination temperature is best to use a constant temperature of 28-300C. Watermelon seeds are photophobic, so the light should be blocked during germination. When the young sprouts are exposed outside the seed shell, they should be sown in the plug tray or field planting holes, with the young sprouts vertically downward. When raising seedlings, sow 1 germinated seed in each hole, and when direct sowing, sow 2-3 germinated seeds in each hole, cover with soil about 1.5 cm thick, and water after sowing.

3. Land preparation and ridge making: Sandy land can be used as flat ridges, and other soils should be used as high ridges. Plow a 20 cm deep planting furrow according to the row spacing, apply base fertilizer, and make small ridges first. When the vines grow, add soil to make large ridges to complete the ridge pattern. One-way row planting: row spacing is 3-3.5 meters, plant spacing is 0.8-1.1 meters, the row direction is east-west as a principle, and the vines extend to the south; row planting on both sides of the ditch: the ditch width is about 6-7 meters as a principle, and a row of watermelons is planted on both sides of the ditch. The vines of each row extend in the opposite direction of the ditch, and the plant spacing is 0.8-1.1 meters.

4. Fertilizer and water management: The amount of fertilizer varies depending on the fertility of the soil. The amount of fertilizer used in sandy land should be slightly more, especially more compost manure. Sandy land has weak fertilizer absorption and fertilizer is easy to lose, so the amount of fertilizer applied each time should be small, and the number of fertilizations should be more. Topdressing should be applied twice when the vines are pulled out and after the fruit is set. Each time, 500 kg of human feces, 5 kg of superphosphate, and 5 kg of triple compound fertilizer can be applied. In addition, depending on the growth status of the plant, foliar fertilization can be implemented to supplement the insufficient nutrients in soil fertilization, that is, spraying fast green essence in the young plant stage to promote the development of the plant stems and vines, and spraying full flower essence one week before flowering to promote flowering and keep the plant growing vigorously. When the young fruit is formed, spray super sweet essence to improve the fruit quality. The application multiple is 800-1000 times, and it should be applied once every week or so. Pay attention to irrigation for watermelons, especially in sandy land, irrigation is the most important work for cultivating watermelons.

5. Pruning and pressing vines to keep melons: Generally, 3-vine pruning is used, and 2-3 melons are kept on each plant, and the melons with the 2nd to 3rd female flowers are kept. After the vines are turned over, the vines are guided and pressed, that is, the vines are neatly guided in the same direction and fixed to avoid vines shading each other.

6. Turn over and pad the watermelon: During the period of watermelon fleshing, turn the watermelon 2-3 times to expose it to sunlight and increase its sweetness. Padding the watermelon can keep the surface of the watermelon clean.

3. Harvest:

The identification methods of watermelon maturity can be summarized as follows: 1. Count the days after flowering; 2. The peel will show the inherent luster and color of the variety, and the color will change from fresh to mature; 3. Use your fingers to listen to the sound of the fruit. It will make a crisp and tense sound when it is not ripe, a deep sound when it is ripe, and a broken sound when it is overripe; 4. Tap the watermelon gently with your hand. Your fingers will feel vibrations inside the watermelon when it is ripe; 5. When it is ripe, a brownish-brown fat will flow out of the cut of the stalk after harvest.

Pest and disease control:

1. Boron deficiency

：The new shoots of watermelon stand upright, the internodes become shorter, the growth stops, the leaves near the new shoots become smaller, the leaf color turns yellow, and there are uneven patches, which is very similar to the mosaic toxin disease, seriously affecting the yield and quality. However, the stems near the new shoots of boron deficiency disease have transverse cracks, which are very brittle and easy to break, and brown paste flows out, while toxin disease does not have this phenomenon. Prevention and control methods: This disease is a physiological disease, which occurs due to the lack of boron in the soil or the inability of boron to be absorbed by the roots. 1. Apply more compost manure as base fertilizer; 2. If boron deficiency occurs during the growth period, 0.5% borax aqueous solution can be used for foliar spraying, just like spraying pesticides, once every 5-7 days, and spray 2-4 times in succession.

2. Vine cutting disease:

The affected plants begin to wither and die from the vine tips, and appear green and withered, which usually occurs during the fruiting period. Some fine roots rot, the root bark peels off, and the root head close to the ground develops stripes, sometimes deep longitudinal cracks and secretes brown grease, and finally develops a light red disease. The stems sometimes also have longitudinal cracks, and the rhizome tubes turn brown. The bitter melon vine cut disease causes yellowing of the leaf veins. Prevention and control methods: 1. Rotate planting; 2. Mix the seeds with diterbacterium or soak them in 1500 times water for 6 hours before germination and sowing; 3. Apply lime before land preparation to adjust the soil pH to between 6.5 and 7; 4. Remove the diseased plants and burn them.

3. Vine blight:

The leaves develop light yellow or even dark brown concentric ring-shaped sunken lesions. The stems first develop waterlogged areas, then secrete reddish brown grease, and finally develop gray-brown cork-like dry lesions, which are characterized by small black spots on the lesions. The lesions often occur on the root heads or stem nodes, and the root heads often swell, causing the entire plant to wilt and die.

4. Anthrax:

The disease often starts from the leaves at the base of the plant. The lesions are round or irregular in shape, brown on the outside and lighter on the inside, often with concentric rings. The stems have oval or even linear dark brown sunken lesions, which then turn gray and dry up. The fruits have round sunken brown lesions, which will later produce salmon-colored sticky substances. Prevention and control methods: 1. Seed disinfection. Soak the seeds in 100 times formaldehyde for 30 minutes, wash with clean water and sow, or mix the seeds with 0.3% of the weight of 50% Fumei Shuang inoculated seeds; 2. At the beginning of the disease, you can spray or irrigate the roots with 500-800 times of 25% WP of Carbonteling; 50% sterilization 800 times or Shuangtanqing 500 times or 10% Shuangxiaoling 300 times, spray in time, every 5 days, and control 3-4 times continuously.

5. Root-knot nematodes:

Irregular tumors occur at the roots, which weaken the plant's growth, reduce yields, and even cause yellow wilt. Prevention and control methods: 1. Choose land that has not been infected or has been used to grow rice to plant melons; 2. Dig up the roots of the remaining plants and burn them; 3. Use 10% Tofosun granules at 15 kg per hectare. Apply the agent to the planting hole on the day of planting, cover it with soil before planting.

6. Beet armyworm and cabbage looper:

Prevention and control methods: 1. Kill the adults by trapping them. Use black light and sex attractants to trap and kill the adult moths. Take the fermented liquid of carrots, sweet potatoes and bean cakes and add a little sugar and trichlorfon to kill the adults. 2. Strengthen field management, manually remove the egg masses and capture clustered larvae, which can achieve twice the result with half the effort. 3. Use pesticides to control. Spray 1500 times of palm thunder, or Abadine mixed with highly effective chlorpyrifos, or use 0.12% strong stick 1500-2000 times liquid. It is better to apply the pesticide in the evening; if it is cloudy and rainy, spraying in the morning is also effective.

Black Beauty watermelon is sweeter than other varieties of watermelon, and the flesh is tighter than other varieties of watermelon. The price is generally around 5 to 6 yuan from the farmers. This kind of watermelon has an oblong fruit, a small size, a dark green skin, and inconspicuous stripes. It is generally early-maturing, with a thin and tough skin, and tender and juicy flesh. The second is the flower skin watermelon, which is oval, relatively large, with light green and dark green skin. It is more common in the north, matures later, has a crisp taste, and high sugar content. The third is the special small phoenix, which is a representative of small yellow-fleshed watermelons, with neat fruit shape, crystal yellow flesh, extremely tender and crisp flesh, sweet and juicy, less fiber, and not resistant to storage and transportation.