What are the diseases of edamame and how to prevent and control them?

When we grow edamame, various diseases often occur. So how should we better prevent them at this time? Here is an introduction for you:

Downy Mildew

[Disease Characteristics] The disease mainly harms leaves. In the early stage of the disease, small irregular spots of yellow-white to yellow appear on the leaf surface, and a gray loose mold layer appears on the back of the leaves. In severe cases, the leaves dry up and fall off.

[Pathogenesis] The pathogen overwinters in the form of oospores on diseased remains or seeds. When conditions are ripe in the second year, the oospores germinate to produce sporangia, which release zoospores, which spread with the help of rain splashes, invade from the embryonic stem, and infect the system. The optimum temperature is 20-24 degrees, and the disease is easy to spread in rainy and high humidity.

【Prevention and treatment methods】

(1) Select improved varieties according to local conditions.

(2) Mix the seeds with 25% metalaxyl.

(3) Reasonable density of planting, ventilation and sufficient light.

(4) Spray pesticides regularly using a 1000-fold dilution of 40% ethylene phosphine aluminum manganese zinc.

Rust

【Disease characteristics】 Mainly harms leaves. The affected leaves are densely covered with small rust spots as big as needles, which are the immature summer spores of the pathogen buried under the epidermis of the host. As the summer spores develop, the epidermis breaks and rust-colored powder is released. In the later stage, small black spots appear on the leaves, which are the winter spores of the pathogen.

[Pathogenesis] The pathogen belongs to the Basidiomycetes. The pathogen mainly uses summer spores as the primary and secondary inoculum, and spreads with the help of wind and rain to complete the annual cycle of the disease. The disease is prone to occur in warm, rainy and humid weather or low-lying and humid planting environments.

【Prevention and treatment methods】

(1) Select disease-resistant varieties such as Jinyun beans, Baoluo beans, Lanxi flower-skinned green beans, Zhonghuang No. 2-4, Jiufeng No. 3, Changnong No. ?, Sanming's Yan'ebao, and Nanxiong soybeans.

(2) Pay attention to digging ditches for drainage, use high ridges or ridges to prevent moisture retention, and use formula fertilization technology to improve the disease resistance of plants.

(3) At the early stage of the disease, spray 600 times of 75% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder or 500 times of 36% methyl thiophanate suspension, 1000 times of 50% BAS-3170F, 3000 times of 10% fenvalerate EC, 40L of the correct solution per 667m2, once every 10 days, and control 2-3 times continuously. If the above fungicides are ineffective, spray 1000-1500 times of 15% triadimefon wettable powder or 800 times of 50% carboxin EC, 300 times of 50% sulfur suspension, 3000 times of 25% dimethoate EC, 1000-1500 times of 6% Lebigen wettable powder, 8000 times of 40% Fuxing EC.

Bean worm

Bean worms, commonly known as bean moths, are the larvae of the bean moth. They are about 8 to 9 cm long and feed on soybean leaves, causing great harm to soybeans. When soybeans mature in autumn, they burrow into the ground and hibernate until the spring of the following year. They grow wherever soybeans are grown in China.

【Prevention and treatment methods】

Spray 15 ml of 2.45% Shengzhifeng insecticide No. 1 EC, or 50 ml of 5% highly effective cypermethrin, or 20 ml of 2.5% deltamethrin (Dipraz), or 30 ml of 5% levofloxacin, or 200 ml of Bt emulsion containing more than 100 million bacteria per gram per mu. The above agents have a 24-hour protection effect of more than 95%.