Peach planting technology

I believe many people have eaten peaches, right? But do you know nothing about the cultivation techniques of peaches?

Peach seedling selection

According to the soil, climate, management level and local market conditions, select high-quality varieties with good yield and suitable production and sales, and make a good combination of early, mid- and late-maturing varieties.

Peach orchard planting

Choose slightly acidic sandy loam or gravel loam with good drainage, deep soil layer and pH value of 5.5-6.5, and dig large holes for planting. Terraces should be built on low hills and slopes, and the planting density per mu should be 40-50 plants on flat land and 50-60 plants per mu on mountainous land.

Fertilization and topdressing are required when planting peaches

It is recommended to apply base fertilizer in winter and autumn, with organic fertilizer as the main type, accounting for 60% to 70% of the annual fertilizer application. Generally, 2000kg of manure or 150kg of special fertilizer for fruit trees is applied per mu; the number, time and amount of topdressing vary according to the variety, age of the tree, cultivation and management methods, growth and development period, and external conditions. Generally, pre-bud fertilizer, fruit-enhancing fertilizer and post-harvest fertilizer are mainly used.

Peaches need shaping and pruning

(1) Tree shape and tree structure: The tree shape is a natural open-heart shape with three main branches. For tree structure, the height of an adult tree is maintained at about 2.5 to 3 meters, the trunk height is 30 to 40 centimeters, there are 3 main branches, each with an angle of 120°, and each main branch is equipped with 1 to 2 secondary branches, with an opening angle of about 75°. (2) Tree shape cultivation: In the year of planting, the trunk is cut at 50 to 60 cm, and there must be more than 3 strong buds in the shaping zone below the cut. In the first year of growth after planting, select new shoots with strong growth and good angles and cultivate them as main branches. The remaining new shoots can be thinned out or twisted as auxiliary branches. In the second year after planting, select strong lateral branches 50 to 60 cm away from the main trunk with a good opening angle to cultivate secondary branches. At the same time, cultivate large and small fruiting branches on the main branches and secondary branches. (3) Pruning: Pruning during the dormant period (winter). Pruning can be carried out from leaf fall to bud sprout. Pruning is a combination of short cutting and thinning, as well as measures such as long release, retraction, and branch circling. Fruiting branch pruning: Long fruit branches are cut off about one-third of the branch length; medium fruit branches are generally not short cut except for thinning dense branches; short fruit branches should retain one branch every 10 cm or so. The number of branches to be retained depends on the site conditions, management level, tree age, tree vigor and yield requirements. The main pruning measures during the growing season include: re-pruning after flowering, removing sprouts and buds, thinning branches, twisting branches, pinching, pulling branches, cutting tips, and moving branches.

Management of peach fruit

The fruiting rate of peaches is high, so fruit thinning must be carried out to control the amount of fruit left. Fruit thinning should be carried out twice, in late April to early May and mid-to-late May. Generally, one fruit should be left on short fruit branches, two fruits on medium fruit branches, and 3 to 5 fruits on long fruit branches. Spray pesticides and bag the fruit in time after the fruit is set. The fruit harvesting period depends on the characteristics of the variety, and it is best to harvest 80% mature fruits.

About Pest Control

To prevent and control diseases, we must first do a good job of winter garden cleaning, and remove diseased branches and leaves in time in combination with winter pruning; whitewash the trunks around the beginning of winter; spray Baume 5 degree lime sulfur mixture before budding in early spring, and prevent and control brown rot, anthracnose, scab, leaf curl and other diseases during the growing season. Pests that harm peach trees include aphids, pear borers, green leafhoppers, peach borers, moths, armyworms, mulberry white scale, etc., and spray pesticides in time according to the occurrence of the situation.