Greenhouse nectarine management technology and nectarine planting skills

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Greenhouse nectarine management technology

Nectarines crack, which is a physiological disease in the late stage of maturity. The main reason is that when the fruit expands, it grows very fast and the skin cannot keep up. In addition, when there is sufficient fertilizer or rainfall, the nectarine has a lot of water, but the wax on the skin is small, and the water evaporates too quickly. There is no good prevention and control method at present. We can only strengthen cultivation management, change the microenvironment, create a microclimate suitable for the growth of nectarines, and reduce fruit cracking as much as possible.

1. Site selection and shed construction

The nectarine greenhouse should be built in a place that is leeward and sunny, with high and dry terrain, good drainage and irrigation, fertile soil, and sandy loam. It can be built in a 3-year-old peach forest, or it can be built first and then transplanted, depending on the actual situation. When building the greenhouse, a bamboo and wood structure is used, and a single-sided slope greenhouse is built from east to west. The back wall is built with hollow cement bricks. The back of the greenhouse is about 3 meters high, 50-100 meters long, and about 8.5 meters wide. There are 4-5 rows of pillars, and the distance between the pillars is about 3 meters. Thick bamboo poles are used as crossbeams. The greenhouse film uses polyethylene drip-free film. A ventilation hole with a diameter of 30 cm is left on the back wall every 10 meters or so. A 60 cm × 60 cm skylight is set every 8 meters in the center of the top of the greenhouse. There is a ventilation window on the front edge. At night, the greenhouse film is covered with more than 3 cm thick straw thatch for insulation.

2 Variety selection

It is advisable to choose early-maturing varieties of nectarines planted in greenhouses, such as Early Red Pearl and May Fire.

3. Transplanting of seedlings

There is no need to transplant peach trees when building a greenhouse in the peach forest, as long as fertilizer and water management is strengthened. Before transplanting seedlings in the newly built greenhouse, the soil should be deeply plowed, and 4000-5000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, 20 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and 10 kg of potassium sulfate should be applied to each greenhouse. Dig a 60 cm deep and 80 cm wide strip planting ditch. For planting seedlings, it is appropriate to select seedlings that are about 3 years old with well-developed root systems, strong seedlings, and full buds. Planting should be in a north-south direction, with a row spacing of 1.5 meters × 4 meters, and the ratio of the main variety to the pollination variety is about 10:1. When planting, keep the root system extended, water after planting, and cover with mulch.

4. Plastic pruning

The shaping of greenhouse nectarines generally adopts a sloped group structure with high north and low south. The northernmost trunk is 45-50 cm high, the tree shape is spindle-shaped, and the tree height is 1.5 meters. The middle part gradually increases from south to north, and the two main branches in the east and west of the tree are "Y" shaped. The pruning before the shed is mainly thinning branches, leaving them for a long time, thinning out diseased and insect-infested branches, drooping branches, long branches and flowerless strong nutrient branches, and maintaining good light transmission conditions.

The key to nectarine cultivation is fertilizer and water management

One month before covering the greenhouse, apply 3,000 kg of organic fertilizer, 25 kg of diammonium phosphate compound fertilizer, and 10 kg of urea to each greenhouse, and water it once. After watering, hoe it and cover it with mulch. During the young fruit stage, spray 0.3% urea solution once; during the hardcore stage, in addition to spraying 0.3% urea solution, spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution. It is not advisable to water from covering the greenhouse to flower falling. The humidity in the greenhouse should be below 60%. Water once during the hardcore stage and the fruit expansion stage, but the amount of water should be appropriate and not too much, so as to avoid vigorous growth of new shoots and cause physiological fruit drop.