Flammulina velutipes cultivation techniques

We may need to pay attention to many things when cultivating Flammulina velutipes, so today I will tell you about the cultivation techniques of Flammulina velutipes:

(1) Choose varieties suitable for bag planting:

Since bag-grown Flammulina velutipes is cultivated in an open environment, if the culture room has poor heat preservation and moisture retention, the quality of the Flammulina velutipes will be difficult to guarantee. Excellent varieties that are not easy to open should be selected for bag cultivation, such as hybrid strain No. 19.

(2) Manage mycelium culture well:

The quality and size of the plastic bag are issues that cannot be ignored. The size of the bag mouth should be appropriate. If it is less than 14 cm, it will be difficult to operate. If it is too wide, it will be difficult to sterilize thoroughly. Generally, it is appropriate to use a mouth of 14 to 17 cm. Inoculation should be done by multi-point inoculation, so that the age of the bacteria on the surface of the material is consistent, the buds are consistent, and the bud density can be increased.

(3) Ensure good mushroom production management:

In order to help mushroom farmers master the management technology of Flammulina velutipes, a set of "three-look management method" of "look at the weather, look at the room, and look at the mushrooms" is summarized. The specific content is as follows: "Look at the weather" is to manage the budding and growing of mushrooms according to the temperature changes in autumn, winter and spring. In late autumn and early spring, the budding can be used when the cold current is about to end; the buds will appear in the warming temperature stage, the mushrooms will be neatly grown, and the mushrooms will be strong. In addition, corresponding management should be carried out according to specific weather conditions: on sunny and dry days, the relative humidity of the air in the mushroom room should be increased during the fruiting period, no ventilation during the day, ventilation at night, and mushroom exposure and growth should be carried out at night. Covering film and bagging must be strictly operated in order. On hot and humid days, ventilation should be strengthened, and water should be sprinkled on the ground and film of the mushroom room to allow it to evaporate naturally, instead of spraying in the space, so as to prevent dampness and the occurrence of diseases and bacteria. On rainy days, the space spray can be reduced. Mushroom exposure and growth can be carried out all day. The leeward window can be opened for ventilation for a long time. This kind of weather is more suitable for the growth of Flammulina velutipes. Cold days refer to weather with a temperature below 5℃. The temperature should be raised and kept warm, doors and windows should be opened less frequently, and plastic sheets should be hung tightly to increase the room temperature. Warming measures should be taken during the fruiting period to prevent the slow growth of Flammulina velutipes. "Watching the room" means taking different management methods according to different culture rooms. In a culture room with heat preservation and moisture retention, ventilation and water spraying should be used to adjust the temperature, humidity, air, light, etc. in the culture room, and this should be the main method, supplemented by measures such as covering film (or newspaper). In a culture room without heat preservation and moisture retention, it is difficult to control the macro-environmental conditions, and the micro-environment should be controlled as the main method. When moisturizing and covering the film to promote budding, the ground film should be covered more tightly to keep the micro-environment warm and moisturizing. "Watching the mushroom" means taking different management methods according to the different stages of the growth and development of Flammulina velutipes fruiting bodies. In addition, when Flammulina velutipes encounters harsh environmental conditions and other factors that are not suitable for growth and development, abnormalities in mushroom shape and color will occur. According to the abnormal performance of the mushroom body, the environmental conditions should be appropriately adjusted and corresponding measures should be taken to avoid unnecessary losses.

(4) Flexibly master the scratching technique:

Scratching is usually done before the first crop of mushrooms is produced and after each crop of mushrooms is harvested. Before the first crop of mushrooms, if the surface mycelium of most mushroom bags is vigorous and accompanied by pigment spots or water-like secretions, the mycelium should not be scratched; if the surface mycelium loses water and shrinks or the water is too much and the mycelium is self-dissolved, only the matrix and mycelium are very few, then the mycelium must be scratched. When scratching the mycelium, the old mycelium blocks or aging mycelium should be removed, or a "well" grid with a mushroom scraping hook (a knife can also be used) should be scratched on the material surface, with a depth of 0.3-0.5 cm. Be careful not to scratch the material bag.

(5) Strengthen the management of mushroom budding and fruiting:

The time for inducing buds in bag cultivation is longer than that in bottle cultivation, mainly due to ventilation problems. To shorten the time for inducing buds, the bag mouth can be turned outward and downward to lower the height of the bag mouth; or a breeze can be blown from top to bottom several times. If the culture bag is seriously short of water after the first batch of mushrooms is harvested, water must be added. Watering in the material is not only a necessary condition for accelerating budding, but also an important measure for growing mushrooms and increasing production, and it regulates the relative humidity of the air in the environment. There are two ways to add water to the material: one is to pierce holes and fill with water. This method is easy to operate and does not require moving the bag; the other is to immerse the material bag in water to absorb enough water. If nutrient solution is added to the water, the effect will be more obvious. The light in the room should not be too strong, but if it is too dark, the mushroom body will not be strong. It is not advisable to open the convection window during ventilation, otherwise the humidity will be difficult to control. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the room is adjusted according to the size of the mushroom cap.

(6) Turning over the bottom to produce mushrooms:

In order to improve the utilization rate of culture medium, a variety of fruiting methods can be adopted. For example, after two batches of mushrooms have been produced on the front side, the bottom side can be moved to the front side for fruiting; the two sides can also be rotated for fruiting, with the upper side producing mushrooms and the lower side cultivating fungi; the cultivation bag can also be placed horizontally with both sides open for fruiting at the same time. Which method to adopt should be flexibly mastered according to the actual situation.