Pepper varieties and pictures Pepper characteristics

There are many kinds of chili peppers, so today I will tell you about them in detail:

Cluster pepper

(Var.fasciculatum Bailey) Type of chili pepper varieties: divided into three-cherry pepper and bullet pepper series according to the shape of pepper fruit. The three-cherry pepper series mainly includes Japanese three-cherry pepper (introduced from Japan), Henan selected three-cherry pepper, big-horned three-cherry pepper, new generation three-cherry pepper, seven-star pepper (local variety in Xindian Town, Weiyuan County, Neijiang City, Sichuan Province), Shaoyang chili pepper (local variety in Shaoyang City, Hunan Province), Tianyu No. 3 (introduced from South Korea), Tianyu No. 5 (introduced from South Korea), Green Treasure Fairy (introduced from the United States), Saint Nice chili pepper (introduced from the United States), etc. The bullet pepper series mainly includes tall clustered bullet pepper and short clustered bullet pepper.

Japanese Sanying pepper is a farm variety in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. It is called "Sanying pepper" or "Tochigi Mitaka" in Japan. It was introduced from Japan to Tianjin in 1976 and named "Tianying pepper". It was approved by the Tianjin Crop Variety Approval Committee in 1987. Henan Province introduced it from Japan in 1976 and named it Sanying pepper. In 1988, Henan Science and Technology Press published the book "Cultivation Technology of Japanese Sanying Pepper", so it is mostly called Sanying pepper in Henan Province. In Jiangsu Province, it is called Shanying pepper. Farmers in Henan Province also call it Chaotian pepper, Chaotianhong, and small pepper. Japanese Sanying pepper plant

The plant is relatively short and compact, with a height of 50 to 65 cm and a spread of 40 to 50 cm. It is a limited branching type. The pepper fruits grow in clusters facing upwards, are finger-shaped, and have smooth, shiny, and wrinkle-free skin. The fruit is about 5 cm long and the fruit diameter (cross-diameter of the fruit shoulder) is about 1 cm. The fruit is pointed and curved, like an eagle's beak. It is a small-fruited dry pepper variety, with a single fruit dry weight of about 0.4 grams. It tastes extremely spicy, with a capsaicin content of about 0.8%. It is bright red, with a capsaicin (red pigment) content of about 3%. The pepper aroma is lower than that of the sheep-horn type dry pepper variety.

The tall clustered bullet is a new pepper strain selected from the natural variation of the three-cherry pepper. The tall clustered bullet is a typical limited branching type. There are secondary branches, but the number of secondary branches is large, the branches are thin, the fruits are few, and they are rarely red and ripe. The main part of the yield is the side branch fruit cluster, generally 4 to 5 side branches per plant, up to 10 or more, and each side branch has 8 to 16 fruits. The main stem fruit cluster generally has 10 to 20 fruits. The plant height is 60 to 80 cm, the main stem height is 40 to 50 cm, the base of the main stem is 1.2 to 1.5 cm thick, the side branches are 30 to 50 cm high (long), and the secondary side branches are 15 to 30 cm high (long). The pepper fruit is slightly shorter than the scattered bullet, the fruit shoulder is slightly thicker, the fruit top is blunt and round, and the fruit shape is similar to the scattered bullet, the fruit length is 4 to 5 cm, the fruit shoulder has a horizontal diameter of 1 to 1.4 cm, and the fruit stalk is 3.5 to 4 cm long. The fruit is dark red, very spicy, and has many seeds. The longitudinal cracking of the fruit is mild or almost non-existent. The disease resistance is comparable to that of the scattered bullet head, and it is more resistant to viral diseases, anthracnose, and blight. The growth potential is strong, significantly higher than that of the three-cherry pepper. It is more resistant to lodging. It has a wide adaptability and great potential for increasing yields. It is suitable for the cultivation of spring peppers and wheat-pepper intercropping. The average yield of spring peppers per mu is about 350 kg.

Long pepper

(Var.longum Bailey) type (short finger shape) Chaotian pepper varieties: mainly include Zhejiao No. 1 (scattered bullet heads), Qiubei Chongtian La, Tianba (introduced from the United States), etc.

Zhejiao No. 1 (scattered bullet head) is from Japan Tochigi bullet

A new strain selected from the natural variation of the head, belonging to the unlimited branching type, the pepper fruit is scattered towards the sky. The main stem and side branches are dichotomously branched, and some are trichotomously branched. After trichotomous branching, they can be dichotomously branched. The plant type is tall, but relatively compact, with a plant height of 80-100 cm. The spread is 30-40 cm. The plant type has strong self-regulation ability and a large suitable density range. 10,000 to 20,000 plants can be planted per mu. The pepper fruit of Zhejiao No. 1 (scattered bullet head) is shorter and thicker than that of Japanese three-cherry pepper. The fruit is generally about 4.5 cm long and the fruit thickness (cross-sectional diameter of the fruit shoulder) is about 1.2 cm. Because the tip of the pepper is blunt and round like a bullet head, it is commonly known as "bullet head". The pepper fruit is thin finger-shaped. The tender and ripe fruit is green, and the old and ripe fruit is dark red. The fruit skin is thick, with many pepper seeds, high spiciness, and strong fragrance. The dry weight of a single fruit is about 0.6 grams. The capsaicin content of the deseeded pepper fruit is about 1%, and the red pigment content is about 3.5%. It can be used to extract red pigment, capsaicin, and capsaicin. It is also suitable for spicy seasoning. Zhejiao No. 1 has strong growth potential, large leaves and rich color, is fertilizer-resistant and lodging-resistant, disease-resistant and high-yielding. It can be planted in irrigated land and dry thin land. Generally, the yield of dried pepper per mu is about 350 kg. The yield of dried pepper per mu of spring pepper cultivated with mulch can reach more than 500 kg.

Cone pepper

(Var.conoides Bailey) Type (small fruit type) Chaotian pepper varieties: mainly chicken heart pepper, black bullet head, etc. Chicken heart pepper is a local variety in Yunnan and Guizhou, with a cultivation history of more than 200 years. Yunnan is called chicken heart pepper (shaped like a chicken heart), Guizhou is called Guizhou small pepper, and Zunyi County has been approved as Zunjiao No. 2.

Only Guizhou small pepper is used in production, and the planting area in Zunyi is relatively large. Guizhou small pepper has scattered fruits facing up, short and wide conical, belonging to the small conical pepper category. Unlimited branching type, pseudo-binary branching, plant

90 cm high, 40 cm wide. Guizhou pepper has a deep red fruit, about 2.7 cm long, and 1.5 cm thick (cross-sectional diameter of the fruit shoulder). It is very spicy and is commonly known as the king of peppers.

Black Bullet Pepper is an ornamental pepper variety. The plant is 60 cm tall. The leaves are dark green, the stems and branches are purple, and the flowers are purple. The fruits are opposite or clustered, in a small conical shape, shaped like a "bullet head", and very spicy. The fruit is 3 cm long, the fruit shoulder diameter is 1.6 cm, and the fruit stalk is 2.5 cm long. The young fruit is black, and the mature fruit is bright red. The fruit setting rate is high, and each plant can set more than 100 fruits. In the peak fruiting period, the pepper fruits are black and red, like anti-aircraft warheads ready to be launched in the dense forest, which is quite spectacular.

Cherry pepper

(Var.cerasiforme Bailey) Type of chili pepper varieties: mainly cherry pepper,

Japanese colorful cherry pepper, black pearl, lucky star, cherry pepper, etc. Cherry pepper is mostly used as an ornamental variety, and can also be produced on a large scale. Cherry pepper is a local variety in Jianshui County, Yunnan Province, also known as group pepper, and is mainly produced in Jianshui County.

Cherry pepper has medium growth potential, with a plant height of about 50 cm and a spread of about 70 cm. It has many fruits, solitary fruits, and the top of the fruit is upward. The tender and ripe fruits are green, and the old and ripe fruits are bright red. The fruit is small and spherical, like a cherry, and is called cherry pepper. The persistent calyx at the base of the fruit is flat. The top of the fruit is flat and round, the fruit is 2.1-2.4 cm long, the fruit diameter is 2.4-2.7 cm, and the single fruit weighs 7.5-10 grams. The flesh is 0.2-0.4 cm thick, the placenta is large, and there are many seeds. Every 100 grams of fresh fruit contains 76.87 mg of vitamin C, 1.64 grams of reducing sugar, and 13.8 grams of dry matter. It has a strong spicy taste and a fresh fragrance. It can be eaten fresh or processed, and it is best to crush and salt it. It is medium-ripe. It is resistant to barrenness and drought. It has strong adaptability and is not very strict with soil requirements. It can be planted in sandy loam, clay loam, yellow soil and other lands. It is cultivated in parts of Yunnan, Guizhou and other provinces, with an annual yield of about 500 kilograms of fresh pepper per mu.

bell pepper

(Var.grossum Bailey) type of chili pepper variety: this type of chili pepper

There are few varieties of Tianjiao, including "Little Copper Hammer". The plant type of Xiaotongchui is tall and has strong growth potential. The plant height is 100-110 cm and the spread is 40-50 cm. The main stem is 50-60 cm high, the base is about 0.7 cm thick, and 14-16 true leaves grow and begin to branch. It belongs to the unlimited branching type, with two-branched branches. No side branches occur when densely planted, and 3-4 effective side branches may occur when sparsely planted. The leaves are hypertrophic, and the large leaves on the main stem are up to 15 cm long, 7 cm wide, and the petiole is up to 9 cm. The leaf color is dark green and more resistant to viral diseases. The continuous fruiting is strong, and the pepper fruit is solitary facing the sky. The fruit is square lantern-shaped, the fruit surface is smooth, the tender and ripe fruit is green, and the old and ripe fruit is red. The fruit is about 3.5 cm long, the horizontal diameter is about 3.5 cm, and the fruit stalk is 5-6 cm long. There are many pepper seeds, strong fragrance, high spiciness, and good quality. It is mostly cultivated as dried pepper, but can also be cultivated as ornamental pepper.