Muskmelon planting technology, Muskmelon cultivation techniques

Everyone knows that cantaloupe is a delicious fruit, but do you know the cultivation techniques of cantaloupe?

1. Cultivate suitable varieties and cultivate strong seedlings

The melon varieties cultivated in plastic greenhouses must have the characteristics of early low temperature resistance, late high temperature resistance, good firmness, early maturity, high yield, and high quality. Through the practice of several years, it has been proved that Qitian No. 1, Baitangzan, Longtian No. 1, Elizabeth and Huangdaozi can all be cultivated.

Seedlings should be raised in sunlight and at a temperature that is not too high. Generally, it is more appropriate to raise seedlings in the "Beginning of Spring" of the lunar calendar. First, treat the seeds and remove impurities from the seeds. Dry them in the sun for 1-2 days, soak the seeds in 50℃ warm water for 10 minutes, and stir while pouring water. When the water temperature drops to 30℃, soak the seeds for 4 hours, then control the moisture, pack them in a clean wet cloth bag, and put them in a pot for germination. The germination temperature should be within the range of 250-30℃. Wash them twice a day. After 36 hours, the seeds can be directly sown into the nutrient bag after the tips are exposed. If the seedlings are planned to be planted in early March, hardening should be started half a month before planting. The method of hardening the seedlings is to lower the temperature in the room and increase ventilation. Generally, the daytime temperature should be lower than 20℃, the nighttime temperature should not be higher than 10℃, and the temperature should be gradually lowered.

2. Improve planting and plant at a reasonable density

Generally, the melons grown in greenhouses should be about 55 days old. The seedlings are grown around the beginning of spring and planted in late March. A month before planting, the ground should be covered with plastic film and baked, and deep plowing should be carried out at the same time. 5,000 kg of high-quality decomposed basal fertilizer and 10 kg of diammonium phosphate should be applied per mu. Then, 0.65-meter ridges should be made, and two rows should be planted in each ridge with a spacing of 30 cm. It can also be made into 60-cm ridges, and the ground between the two ridges can be covered to protect 2,500 seedlings per mu. Because the outside temperature is low during this period and cold currents often invade, it is best to cover the ground with plastic film and small arches when planting, and cover it with two layers of paper quilts at night.

3. Pruning and pinching

If greenhouse cantaloupe is not built with a frame, the main pruning method is to leave vines on both sides, and start pinching when the two tongue leaves of the seedlings are unfolded. In order to market early, only one melon is left on each branch, and the melon is pinched after 4 leaves are left on the melon, and the suckers are removed when they are seen.

4. Fertilization, irrigation and pest control

The main fertilizer for cantaloupe is basal fertilizer. When the 4 leaves are pinched, 15 kg of diammonium phosphate can be applied per mu to promote the occurrence of vines and the initial development of fruits, and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed on the leaves. After the first harvest, decomposed water and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be applied per mu.

In principle, cantaloupe irrigation should be controlled, and no watering is required unless there is drought. Watering can be done four times during the entire growth period. The first time is after planting and seedling acclimatization; the second time is before the first flower blooms, when water is applied before flowering; the third time is when the melon grows to the size of an egg, when water is applied to increase the size of the melon; and the fourth time is when water is applied to the leaves 10 days before the fruit is harvested.

Pest and disease control: Based on prevention, when planting, use 70% dichlorvos in a ratio of 1:5 to make medicated soil and apply it to ammonium, or use biological pesticide Nongkang 120 to irrigate the roots to prevent wilt and other root diseases. You can also use grafted seedlings to prevent wilt, and use the black pumpkin of the south grain as the rootstock. Aphids can be treated with Xunyi No. 2 developed by Shenyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

5. Harvest

The earliest harvest of greenhouse melons is on June 2. If it is a grafted melon, it can be harvested about a week earlier. The first batch of fruits will bear fruit on June 20, and the yield per mu can reach 2,500 kilograms. The initial price is 10 yuan/kilogram, and the average price is 6 yuan/kilogram. The output value per mu can reach 7,500 yuan, and the net income per mu is 6,000 yuan.