Cowpea planting technology, Cowpea cultivation technology

How to plant cowpeas? What are the cultivation techniques of cowpeas? Let me tell you today:

Seedling cultivation

Cowpeas are easy to germinate, and generally do not need to be soaked to germinate. The bottom soil of the seedling bed should be compacted, and 6 cm thick loam is best to prevent the taproot from penetrating into the soil, causing multiple fibrous roots, and causing serious damage to the root group when transplanting the seedlings. Therefore, when the seedlings have a pair of true leaves, they can be transplanted with soil, and large seedlings should not be transplanted. If conditions permit, nutrient pots or plug trays can be used for seedling cultivation, with two or three seedlings per pot.

Colonization

Planting should be done after the frost breaks, when the seedlings are 20-25 days old. Apply more decomposed organic fertilizers, 3000-5000kg per mu, 25-30kg superphosphate, 50-100kg plant ash or 10-20kg potassium sulfate, planting density is 66cm row spacing, 10-20cm hole spacing, 3000-3500 holes per mu, two or three plants per hole (two or three plants can be used for seedling raising, which is convenient for planting later). After planting, water the seedlings to slow down the growth, deep tillage and squat the seedlings for 5-8 days to promote the development of the root system.

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Sowing in the open field after the frost has stopped. For creeping varieties, the density is 66-70cm in row and 20-25cm in plant. There are 4-5 seeds in each hole, and 2-3 seedlings are left. For dwarf varieties, the row spacing is 50-60cm and the plant spacing is 25-30cm. After sowing, use your feet to tamp the soil and seeds to make full contact, absorb enough water to facilitate germination. When 70% of the buds are above the soil, water lightly once to ensure that the seedlings emerge. After watering, deep tillage is carried out in time to conserve moisture, increase temperature and squat the seedlings to promote root growth.

Field management

Basic Methods

1. Check and replant seedlings When the first pair of primary leaves appear, you should go to the field to check and replant seedlings. It is best to sow and grow seedlings in a greenhouse 3-4 days in advance using paper pots. If you transplant seedlings, you should replant them after the seedlings have recovered.

2. Intertillage and loosening the soil When the seedlings have emerged completely or after transplanting, intertillage should be carried out every 7-10 days to loosen the soil to conserve moisture, allow the seedlings to grow firmly and promote root growth, and stop intertillage after the vines have stretched out.

3. Watering and topdressing Cowpea should not be fertilized too much in the early stage to prevent excessive fertilizer and water from causing leggy growth. Generally, fertilize once with manure after the plant is alive. After buds and flowers appear and harvest begins, the supply of fertilizer and water should be strengthened. Generally, topdress 2-3 times, and apply 750-1000 kg of human and animal feces and urine per mu each time. If it is rainy and manure cannot be applied, 5-10 kg of urea can be applied in the hole between the row spacing. For autumn cultivation, promote till the end.

4. Putting up racks to guide vines, pruning and pruning When the plant sprouts vines, you need to put up racks. Use a herringbone rack or an X-shaped rack. The rack is 2-2.5 meters high, 10-15 cm away from the base of the plant, one pole is inserted in each hole, 15-20 cm deep, and when two racks intersect, put a horizontal pole at the intersection of 4/5 of the upper middle part and tie it tightly. It is usually done at noon or in the afternoon on a sunny day. Do not do it when the dew has not dried or it is raining to avoid breaking the vines and leaves. The vines should be guided in a counterclockwise direction.

Pruning methods

(1) Remove the buds at the base and all the side buds at each node below the first inflorescence of the main vine to promote flowering.

(2) When leaf buds grow next to flower buds in the axils of the upper and middle leaves of the main vine, the leaf buds that sprout into side branches should be removed in time.

(3) Topping: When the main vine is more than 2 meters long